Solar system yakaumbwa sei

Sezvo solar system yakaumbwa makore anopfuura mabhiriyoni 4.500 apfuura, zvakaoma kuziva Solar system yakaumbwa sei. Zvisinei, masayendisiti akahwirudzura dzimwe dzidziso, dzimwe dzechokwadi kupfuura dzimwe, uye rudzi runotsinhirana rwokuumbwa rwakatangwa.

Naizvozvo, tichakumikidza chinyorwa ichi kukuudza kuti solar system yakaumbwa sei uye matanho api akaitika.

Solar system maficha

Kufanana nemamwe mapuraneti ese, mazhinji esolar system inzvimbo isina chinhu. Zvisinei, kumativi ose aya nzvimbo pane zvinhu zvakawanda zvinokanganiswa negiravhiti rezuva uye zvinoumba solar system.

Zvingadaro sei neimwe nzira, zuva ndiro chikamu chakakosha chesolar system. Iri pakati payo uye zvinhu zvese zviri musolar system zvinokanganiswa negiravhiti rayo. Inyeredzi yerudzi rweG, inozivikanwawo seyero diki, uye iri pakati pehupenyu hwayo, pamakore anosvika mabhiriyoni mana nemazana matanhatu emakore nhasi. Zuva rakagadzirwa nezvikamu zvitatu muzvina zvehydrogen nehelium imwe, rinotenderera paaxis yaro, rinotora mazuva makumi maviri nemashanu kuti ripedze kutenderera kumwe chete. inomiririra inenge 99,86% yehuwandu hwehuwandu hwezuva.

Nekuda kwehukuru hwazvo, zvinhu zvinotevera zvinonyanya kukosha muhurongwa hwezuva mapuraneti, ayo isu tinogona kupatsanura muzvikamu zviviri zvakasiyana. Naizvozvo, kutenderera kwemukati mezuva kunogarwa neMercury, Venus, Earth uye Mars. Aya ndiwo mapuraneti madiki uye anozivikanwa semapuraneti emukati, anozivikanwawo semapuraneti ane matombo, nekuda kwenzvimbo yavo mune solar system uye chimiro chakasimba chematombo avo uye esimbi zvinhu. Kune rumwe rutivi, mumigwagwa yekunze yesolar system tinowana maexoplanets makuru, anogadzirwa negasi, ndicho chikonzero anonzi gas giants uye ice giants. Saka, nekuda kwechinhambwe chayo kubva kuzuva, tinogona kuwana Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus uye Neptune.

Pamusoro pemapuraneti, kune 5 anonzi dwarf maplanets musolar system. Sezvinoratidzwa nezita ravo, zvinhu zvidiki zvikuru zvinoratidzwa negiravhiti rakakwana kuti riumbe chimiro chedenderedzwa, asi hachina kukwana kuparadzanisa nharaunda yavo ye orbital kubva kune zvimwe zvinhu, ichizvisiyanisa kubva kumapuraneti. Idzi ndiCeres, mubhandi reasteroid pakati peMars neJupiter, uye Pluto, Haumea, Makemake, naEris, anozivikanwawo sePluto, mune inonzi Kuiper Belt.

The asteroid belt inharaunda yesolar system iri pakati penzira dzeMars neJupiter iyo inogara kune zvitunha zvidiki zvakakura zvakagadzirwa nedombo neaizi, mazhinji acho ari asteroids anotendwa kuva zvisaririra zvepasi risati ravapo. . Yakagadzirwa nekuda kwesimba rinokwevera reJupiter. Inopfuura hafu yehuwandu hwehuwandu hwebhandi huri mu5 zvinhu: iyo dwarf planet Ceres uye asteroids Pallas, Vesta Hygeia uye Juno.

Kuiper belt inzvimbo yesolar system iri mhiri kwekutenderera kweNeptune. Yakafanana nebhandi reasteroid, asi rakakura zvakanyanya: 20 yakafara kakapetwa ka200 uye yakapetwa kaXNUMX sehukuru, uye kungofanana naye, inoumbwa kunyanya zviduku zviduku zvakasara zvekuumbwa kwezuva, munyaya iyi mvura, methane uye ammonia muchimiro chechando.

The Oort Cloud igore rakaita denderedzwa rezvinhu zvemudenga kuseri kwe orbit yeNeptune, ringangoita gore rimwechete rechiedza kubva kuZuva. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti gore raigona kuva pakati pemiriyoni imwe ne1.000 yezviumbwa zvemudenga zvinoumbwa neaizi, methane neammonia; iyo inogona kusanganiswa kuita hupamhi hwePasi zvakapetwa kashanu.

Dzidziso yemazuva ano ye<em>nebulae yakavakirwa pakucherechedza nyeredzi duku dzakapoteredzwa nehuruva yakakora, inononoka. Nekuisa huzhinji hwehuremu pakati, zvikamu zvekunze zvakatopatsanurwa zvinowana simba rakawanda uye zvishoma nezvishoma, zvichiwedzera mutsauko wekumhanya.

Makore egasi neguruva anobva mugadziriro yezuva

Pane dzimwe tsananguro dzekuti solar system yedu yakavapo sei. Imwe yedzidziso inogamuchirwa zvikuru ndeye The nebula theory yakakurudzirwa naRené Descartes muna 1644 uye zvakazokwenenzverwa nedzimwe nyanzvi dzenyeredzi.

Zvinoenderana neshanduro yakatsanangurwa naKant naLaplace, gore hombe regesi neguruva rakabata nekuda kwegiravhiti, pamwe nekuda kwekuputika kwesupernova pedyo. Nekuda kweiyo contraction, yakatanga kutenderera nekukurumidza uye yakanyungudutswa kunze, nekuda kweiyo yakaguma solar system yakaita senge dhisiki pane sphere.

Zvinhu zvizhinji zvakaturikidzana pakati. Dzvinyiriro yacho yakakura kwazvo zvokuti kurwisa kwenyukireya kunotanga, kusunungura simba uye kugadzira nyeredzi. Panguva imwecheteyo, eddies inotsanangurwa, uye sezvavanokura, simba ravo rinokwevera rinowedzera uye vanotora zvimwe zvinhu nekutendeuka kwega kwega.

Kune zvakare kudhumhana kwakawanda pakati pezvimedu uye zvinhu mukuumbwa. Mamiriyoni ezvinhu anoungana kuzobonderana kana kubonderana zvine chisimba zvobvaruka kuita zvidimbu zvidimbu. Kusangana kunovaka kwakawanda, uye mumakore miriyoni zana chete vakawana chitarisiko chakafanana nechazvino. Muviri wega wega unobva waenderera mberi nekushanduka kwawo.

kuumbwa kwemapuraneti nemwedzi

Mapuraneti uye yakawanda yemwedzi yawo inoumbwa nekuunganidzwa kwezvinhu zvakaunganidzwa zvakatenderedza zvikamu zvakakura zveprotonebulae. Mushure mekusangana kwakashata kwekudhumhana, kubatanidzwa, uye kuvakazve, vanowana hukuru hwakafanana nehukuru hwavo hwazvino uye vanofamba kusvika vasvika kwatinoziva kuti vari.

Nharaunda iri pedyo nezuva inopisa zvakanyanya kuti irambe iine chiedza. Ichi ndicho chikonzero mapuraneti emukati madiki uye ane matombo, nepo mapuraneti ekunze akakura uye ane gasi. Iko kushanduka kwezuva hakuna kumira, asi mushure memhirizhonga yekutanga, zvizhinji zvezvinhu zvino zvinoumba chikamu chezvinhu mune zvakawanda kana zvishoma zvakagadzikana zvinotenderera.

Chero dzidziso inoedza kutsanangura kuumbwa kwezuva inofanira kufunga nezvazvo zuva rinotenderera zvishoma nezvishoma uye rinongoita 1% angular kasi asi 99,9%., nepo mapuraneti ane 99% angular kukurumidza. Iyo nguva inongova 0,1% yehuwandu. Imwe tsananguro ndeyokuti zuva rakanga richitonhora zvikuru pakutanga. Sezvo ichipisa, kuwanda kwezvinhu zvayo kunoderedza kutenderera kwayo kusvikira imwe kuenzanisa yasvika. Asi pane zvimwe...

Dzidziso pamusoro pekuti solar system yakaumbwa sei

Pane dzimwe dzidziso shanu kana misiyano inoonekwa seyakanaka:

• La acretion theory inofungidzira kuti zuva rinopfuura nepakati pegore gobvu uye rakakomberedzwa neguruva negasi.
• La protoplanetary theory inoti pakutanga gore gobvu repakati penyeredzi rakaumba boka renyeredzi. Nyeredzi dzinozobuda ihombe uye dzine sipidhi yakaderera yekutenderera, ukuwo mapuraneti anoumba mugore rimwe chete ane sipidhi yepamusoro kana akabatwa nenyeredzi, kusanganisira zuva.
• La trap dzidziso inotsanangura kuti zuva rinopindirana neprotostar iri pedyo uye rinotora zvinhu kubva mariri. Chikonzero chinoita kuti zuva ritenderere zvishoma nezvishoma imhaka yekuti rakaumbwa mapuraneti asati avapo.
• La yemazuva ano Laplace dzidziso inotaura kuti kukora kwezuva kune guruva rakasimba rinononotsa kutenderera kwezuva nekuda kwekukweshana kuri pakati. Ipapo zuva rinopisa uye huruva inoputika.
• La yemazuva ano nebula dzidziso yakavakirwa pakucherechedza nyeredzi duku dzakapoteredzwa nehuruva yakakora, inononoka. Nekuisa huzhinji hwehuremu pakati, zvikamu zvekunze zvakatopatsanurwa zvinowana simba rakawanda uye zvishoma nezvishoma, zvichiwedzera mutsauko wekumhanya.

Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezvekuti solar system yakaumbwa sei.