Río de la Plata

El Silver river, iri kuderera kwekupinda kweAtlantic kumahombekombe ekumabvazuva kweSouth America, pakati peUruguay kuchamhembe neArgentina kumaodzanyemba. Inowanzo kutorwa semuromo wenzizi dzeParaná neUruguay, kunyangwe vamwe vadzidzisi venzvimbo vachiiona segungwa remahombekombe egomba kana Atlantic Ocean uye vamwe vanoiona serwizi. Iine kukosha kukuru mune zvehupfumi uye maererano nemaruva nemhuka.

Nechikonzero ichi, isu tichakumikidza chinyorwa ichi kukuudza zvese zvaunoda kuziva nezveRío de la Plata uye maitiro ayo.

Mhando huru

Iyo Río de la Plata yakafanana nenzvimbo inoyerera mvura yakachena nemvura yemunyu. Mvura yaro yakachena inobva kune imwe yenzizi refu kwazvo pasi rose, Paraná nenzvimbo yayo huru, Paraguay, pamwe neUruguay nedzimwe hova duku.

Río de la Plata inogamuchira mvura kubva mumabheseni enzizi dzeParaguay neParaná, dzinofukidza chikamu chikuru chepakati-kumaodzanyemba kweSouth America; nzvimbo yemvura inokwana 1,2 miriyoni masikweya mamaira (3,2 miriyoni mativi emakiromita), ingangoita yakawanda yenzvimbo yepasi yekondinendi.

Paraná Delta uye muromo weRwizi rweUruguay uri kumusoro kweRío de la Plata. Kufara kwegomba remvura kunowedzera zvishoma nezvishoma kubva kumvura yekumusoro kusvika kugungwa. La Plata inopfuura rwizi, irwo rwizi rukuru pasi rose ine nzvimbo inosvika 13.500 square kilometres.

Mvura yakanyura mumvura yeBarra del Indio inoita semhinganidzo inopatsanura Río de la Plata kupinda mukati merwizi rwemvura yakachena uye yekunze ine brackish estuary zone. Bhangi iri rinenge hafu pakati peMontevideo nePonta Piedras. Imvura yakachena yemukati iyo vanhu vazhinji vanorondedzera serwizi.

Nzvimbo dzekumusoro dzine zvitsuwa zvakati wandei, zvinosanganisira zvitsuwa zveOyavid neSolís mumvura yeArgentina, uye Juncal, Elmaton, Martín García uye Timo Domínguez mumvura yeUruguay. Zvitsuwa zvePlata zvinowanzokura nekufamba kwenguva nekuda kwekuiswa kwesediments kunokonzerwa nekuremerwa kwazvino kwakaunzwa nenzizi dzinoyerera.

Hydrology yeRwizi Plate

Iyo yekumhanyisa yeParaná ikozvino inochinja kazhinji mukufamba kwenguva ye. Nokuda kweAlto Paraná, apo rwizi rwizi runowedzera (kunyanya kana dziva rechokwadi rinoumba, sezvakaita mudhamu reItaipu), kukurumidza kunoderera, uye apo rwizi rwizi runoderera (semuItaipu canyons pasi pemvura) ichakurumidza kukurumidza.

Kuwedzera pasi, akadzikama munzira yake kuenda kuPosadas, asi akazopfuura nemunhevedzano yemvura zhinji uye kumhanya. Yakaderedza Corrientes zvakare, ichidzikamisa kuyerera kwayo paavhareji yemamaira 2,5 paawa pakuenda kuRío de la Plata.

Baini rose reRwizi rweParaguay inovhara anopfuura 380 square mamaira uye haiwanzo kukwira pamusoro pe000 tsoka pamusoro pegungwa.. Nekuda kweizvozvo, kutenuka kwerwizi kunosiyana zvishoma pane nzendo refu, ingangoita 1,2 kusvika 1,6 centimita pakiromita.

Hova dzakati wandei dziri munzvimbo yemvura dzine mwero wakadzikira, kana kuti mazambiringa echisikigo, ayo anoumba apo zvikamu zvinoyerera zvishoma zvorwizi zvinoiswa munguva yemafashamo. Rwizi parwakaserera, mahombekombe arwo airamba ari pamusoro pemvura yebani riri pedyo. Munguva yemafashamo, tafura yemvura inoramba iripo, kazhinji inosvika mamaira gumi paupamhi, iri pasi pebani. kunyudza pasi nzvimbo inosvika 38,600 square mamaira.

Rwizi rweParaguay runoyerera pakati pekwarunobva nekusangana kwarwo nerwizi rweParaná. Pamusoro peCorumbá muBrazil, ine yakajairwa nzvimbo inopisa ine nzvimbo yakakwirira muna Kukadzi uye yakaderera muna Chikunguru-Nyamavhuvhu. Pazasi peCorumbá, nzvimbo yepamusoro inoitika muna Chikunguru uye iyo yakaderera inoitika muna Zvita-Ndira.

Kusvibiswa kweRwizi Plate

Kusvibiswa kubva munzvimbo dzemumaguta nedzekurima kwaita kuti vamwe vadaidze iyo Río de la Plata nematavi ayo madiki se "kusvibiswa kwakaipisisa kwezvakatipoteredza" muArgentina. Zvakajairika kuti marara netsvina zviyangamire murwizi. Kunyange zvazvo Dare Repamusorosoro reArgentina rakakumbira muna 2008 chirongwa chepamutemo chekubvisa rwizi parwizi, hapana zvakaitwa.

Semuyenzaniso, muna 2008 maive nemarara 141 akavhurika ane marara emumaindasitiri, makemikari, uye emumba pamwe nerukova rweMatanza kubva kumadokero kweBuenos Aires kuenda kuRío de la Plata.

Maererano nehurongwa hwekuchenesa, nzvimbo yekurasira yaifanirwa kuvhara muna 2010, asi mamwe marara 207 akashumwa, zvichiita kuti hwerengedzo yacho isvike ku348. Kuwedzera kumarara uye kutakurwa kwemakemikari kubva mumaguta, kuwedzerwa kwefetiraiza yeminda yakatevedza rwizi kwakawedzerawo mamicrocystin uye eutrophication ine mwero.

Flora nemhuka

Hupenyu hwekudyara munzvimbo yakakura yeRío de la Plata hwakasiyana zvakanyanya. Kumabvazuva, kumusoro kweParaná basin uye kunzvimbo dzakakwirira, kune masango ane miti inokosha inogara yakasvibira yakadai separaná pine yekork oak.

Kumadokero kunonyanya kuita mafuro emombe. Munzvimbo dzakazara nemafashamo, mune ma<em>hyacinths emvura akaisvonaka, maruva emvura eAmazon, miti yemabhosvo, uye magwama ayo anokura munzvimbo dzine mvura yakawanda.

Miti yemichindwe yakadai semuriti uye carandá inokura pedyo nenzizi nehova, pamwe chete nemiti yakawanda yequebracho inofungidzirwa kuti ndiyo inobva kune tannins. Munharaunda yeGran Chaco kumadokero kweParaguay, uko ivhu rinonyanya kushandiswa mombe, kune zvimedu zvemakwenzi ane miti yemiti nemakwenzi ane maruva, pamwe chete nemakwenzi ane minzwa anoshivirira kusanaya kwemvura.

Rwizi Plate muArgentina Imba kune isingawanzo La Plata dolphin uye akati wandei emarudzi turtle egungwa:

• Caretta caretta.
• Chelonia mydas.
• Dermochelys coriacea.

Yakapfuma muhupenyu hwemhuka, kusanganisira mamwe marudzi akasiyana. Sirivha ma dolphin anogona kuwanikwa munzvimbo yese yerukova uye padyo negungwa reAtlantic, sezvinoita mawhale.

Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezveRío de la Plata uye maitiro ayo.