Mushure mekuongorora mazana ezviuru zvezvinyorwa, zvakagumiswa kuti mafashama muEurope anoitika mwedzi miviri pamberi pemakore makumi mashanu apfuura. Maodzanyemba ekumabvazuva kweEurope uye nharaunda yeAtlantic inobatwa neizvi. Uye zvakasiyana, nzvimbo dzeNorth Sea nenzvimbo huru dzemafashama eGungwa reMediterranean dzinoitika mwedzi nehafu gare gare. Kunyangwe uyu mutsauko uri "wenguva dzose" nekuda kwerudzi rwezvikonzero zvinokanganisa munharaunda yega yega, mamiriro ekunze ari kutamba chinzvimbo chikuru. Chidzidzo ichi chaisanganisira makumi mashanu evasayendisiti avo vakaongorora zvinyorwa zveinenge 50 zviteshi zvemagetsi.
Imwe yemapoinzi akakosha akaongororwa kwave kuyerera kwemvura yerwizi. Tichifunga nezve nzvimbo yepamusoro-soro yavakasvika, uye kutanga kubva mugore ra1960. Mafashama egore negore akaonekwa munzizi kubva ipapo. Hwerengedzo ye 200.000 zvinyorwa zvakanyorwa pamepu, zvichiita kutadza kukuru kwemakore makumi mashanu apfuura kunoonekwa uye kuoneka.
Mhedziso idzo dzakatorwa kubva muchidzidzo
Muzvinafundo Gunter Blöschl, munyori anotungamira wechidzidzo, kubva kuVienna University yeTekinoroji, Austria, anovimbisa mumazwi aya: "Mhedzisiro ndeyekuti, chokwadi, shanduko yemamiriro ekunze yakanganisa nguva yemafashama, asi yakazviita zvakasiyana kumatunhu akasiyana eEurope."
Pakati pekuchinja kuri pachena, zvinogona kucherechedzwa kuti pakati penzvimbo dzinotonhora kwazvo dzekondinendi, senge kuchamhembe nekumabvazuva, mafashama enzizi akaitika muchirimo uye muzhizha nekunyunguduka kwechando. Ku maodzanyemba, semuenzaniso, kuyerera kwakakura zvakanyanya munguva yechando, inova nguva iyo inonaya zvakanyanya. Kuwedzera kwekushisa kwakonzera kuti nyowani iitike pakutanga. Saka kuwedzera kwekuyerera kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweEurope kwasvika kusvika zvino. Dunhu rega rega, zvinoenderana nenzvimbo nyoro, kana vari mutserendende weAtlantic, nevamwe zvinhu zvakasiyana, zvinokonzeresa kuti zvigadziriswe zvakanyanya uye nenzira imwechete munzvimbo yega yega.
Shanduko hombe dzakanyorwa
Ivo vakaonekwa muWestern Europe, pamhenderekedzo yeNorth Atlantic. Kubva kuPortugal kuenda kuEngland, zvinopfuura 50% yezviteshi zvakaratidza kufambira mberi kwemazuva gumi nemashanu mumafashamo. Pakati peizvi, 36% yakaratidza shanduko yemazuva anodarika makumi matatu nematanhatu, mumakore makumi mashanu akaongororwa.
Humwe humbowo husingarambiki hwehumbowo husiri kungochinja mamiriro ekunze, asi huchigadzirisawo zvisikwa pachazvo, zvinoenderana nemamiriro ekunze. Uye neizvi, ivo vanokanganiswawo kumatunhu ekurima uye kugadzirwa kwesimba.
Kurasikirwa kwehupfumi semhedzisiro yekusaenzana kwekuyerera nemafashama
Vanyori vekudzidza vanopokana kuti mune dzimwe nzvimbo shanduko huru dzakatoitika dzinokanganisa zvikamu zvinovimba nazvo. Pasi rose, zvinofungidzirwa izvozvo huwandu hwekurasikirwa mune zvekurima uye magetsi ekugadzira zvikamu anosvika madhora zana nemakumi masere nemana emadhora pagore. Chinhu chikuru chinokanganisa vanhu vazhinji pasirese mafashama. Nekuda kwekukura kwehupfumi pamwe nekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze, kurasikirwa kuri kutarisirwa zvakare kuramba kuchiwedzera kuenda kumberi.
Mafashama emamiriro ekunze uye ehupfumi angangoreva kuti, mumasocial uye ecosystem izvo zvakatogadziriswa kuti zviitike pane imwe nguva, vanozviita mune imwe. Izvo zvinogona kuuya nekukurumidza kana mushure zvingaderedza kugadzirwa kwekurima nekukanganisa zvimwe zvirimwa. Izvo zvinogona zvakare kukanganisa hushoma hushoma hwemvura inowanikwa yekurima yemadiridziro uye kukanganisa ivhu. Shanduko idzi dzinogona zvakare kushandura kugadzirwa kwemagetsi emagetsi kana kupihwa mvura yekunwa kune vagari vematunhu.
Kuwedzera kwekuwedzera kwetembiricha kuri kukonzera kuti mamiriro ekunze sezvaaizivikanwa, zvishoma nezvishoma anofanirwa kuongororwa. Zvinoitika zvechisikigo hazvichisiri kuitika mumafuremu ewaimboitika, uye tsaona dzinongoitika dzichiwanda uye dzakanyanya.