Robert hooke Akanga ari musayendisiti mukuru uyo akapa akawanda mazano uye kufambira mberi kune sainzi. Aivewo muzivi wepanyama. Akanga ari purofesa wejometri uye muongorori muguta reLondon, England. Aizivikanwa nemipiro yake mikuru mufizikiki, maikorosikopu, bhayoroji uye kuvaka. Akagadzira zviridzwa zvakaita sedoro thermometer, hygrometer, anemometer uye zvimwe zviridzwa, izvo zvinoita nhaka yakakosha kune sainzi nehunhu.
Mune ino posvo tichaenda kune zvekare kuti tidzidze nezve iyo biography uye zviito zvakaitwa naRobert Hooke muhupenyu hwake hwese. Iwe unoda kuziva kukosha kwesainzi uyu kune nyika yesainzi? Pano tinotsanangura zvese kwauri zvakadzama 🙂
Hupenyu uye kufa kwaRobert Hooke
Akazvarwa musi waJuly 18, 1635. Aive wekupedzisira pavana vanin'ina, vakomana vaviri nevasikana vaviri. Zvinonzi aive nehudiki hwakasurukirwa uye hwakasuruvara, aigara achirwadziwa nemusoro uye kurwadziwa nemudumbu, izvo zvaimutadzisa kutamba zvakajairika nevana vezera rake. Kusurukirwa ikoko semwana kwakamuita kuti atambe nehukuru hwekufungidzira uye fungidziro. Akagadzira masundials, mvura yemvura, ngarava dzinokwanisa kupfura mabara, akatora nguva yendarira ndokuivaka zvakare muhuni, achishanda zvakakwana.
Munguva yehudiki hwake Hooke aive chikamu che Kwaya yeCathedral Chechi yeDiocese yeOxford (Christ Church Koreji). Iyi nguva ndiyo yakaumba Hooke mukuda kwake sainzi. Aifarira mabasa akasiyana siyana ekuchengetedza, nekuti aifunga kuti vaityisidzirwa nemudziviriri.
Misangano yekukwirisa kwesainzi, huzivi, uye kukosha kwepfungwa kwakaitirwa kuWestminster Chikoro, saka Robert akapinda mazhinji acho. Ipo vaaidzidza navo vachiita zvekutamba, Hooke akafunga nezvekuita raramo. Akatanga kuita mari semubatsiri wemakemikari. Gare gare aive mubatsiri murabhoritari. Panguva iyoyo, 1658, kuvakwa kwepombi yemhepo kana "machina boyleana" kwakaitwa, zvichibva pane iya yaRalph Greatorex, uyo Hooke aimuona "Akanyanyisa kuita chero basa hombe".
Aive nehunyanzvi hukuru pamasvomhu. Mushure memabasa ake akawanda kugona kwake kwakazivikanwa uye akakurudzirwa chinzvimbo chekutanga maneja weRoyal Society yeLondon. Ichi chinzvimbo chaida kuve chikuru kuyedza uye nyanzvi musayendisiti. Robert Hooke akapa nguva yakazara kumabasa ake.
Pakupedzisira akashaya musi waMarch 3, 1703 muguta reLondon. Iyo Royal Society yeLondon yakamupa iye mutero mukuru kune ese mafatidziro atinozoona pazasi.
Kuwanika
Hooke akashandisa imwe yenguva yake achishanda naBoyle naBoyle vakamupa zano rekuti aite dhizaini nekugadzira pombi yaigona kumanikidza mweya kuti ibudise mweya. Vakapedza makore vachidzidza sainzi yemweya kusvika vaiwana. Kuwanikwa kwake kwekutanga yaive pombi yemhepo.
Nepombi iyi kuomarara kwemhepo uye mhedzisiro yavakave nayo vakasangana nayo kakawanda. Kutenda iyi pombi, fomula ye Mutemo weGesi. Mumutemo uyu unogona kusimbiswa kuti huwandu hwegesi hwakapesana zvakadii nekumanikidza kwainako.
Kubata
Chimwe chezvaakawana zvaive capillarity. Aive achibata nekudonha kwemvura uye zvimwe zvinwiwa kuburikidza nepakati pegirazi machubhu. Mune izvi zviedzo zvakaonekwa kuti kureba kunosvika mvura kune hukama nehupamhi hwechubhu. Izvi zvinozivikanwa nhasi se capillarity.
Uku kuwanikwa kwakaburitswa zvakadzama mune rake basa "Micrography." Kutenda nemabasa aya akakwanisa kuve nechinzvimbo cheCurator muRoyal Society yeLondon.
Masero uye dzidziso yesero
Kutenda nemaikorosikopu, Hooke akawana kuti jira rekokorori rakange riine tumakomba tudiki twakaita seuchi. Mhango imwe neimwe yaidana kuti sero. Chaasina kuziva kwaive kukosha kwaive nemasero aya mubumbiro rezvinhu zvipenyu.
Uye ndezvekuti Robert aive akatarisa masero emiti akafa mune polygonal chimiro. Makore gare gare, nyama yezvipenyu yaizowanikwa nekuda kwekucherechedza kwayo pasi pe microscope
Kumwe kuwanikwa kwaive kwekutenda kune ruzivo rwaaive narwo nezve kurongeka kwemasero. Muzana ramakore rechiXNUMX, neruzivo rwakapihwa naRobert Hooke, mhedzisiro yedzidziso yesero yaigona kuitwa:
- Zvese zvipenyu zvakagadzirwa nemaseru uye zvigadzirwa zvawo.
- Masero ndiwo zvikamu zvechimiro uye mashandiro.
- Maseru ese anobva mumasero akange aripo kare. Izvi zvakawedzerwa muna 1858 naVirchow.
Pakupera kwezana rino ramakore, ongororo dzinotevera dzakaratidza kuti masero anogona kutipa zvese zviri zviviri chikonzero uye mavambo ezvirwere zvakawanda. Izvi zvinoreva kuti kana munhu achirwara imhaka yekuti ane masero mukati anorwara.
Uranus nyika
Uyewo aive nebasa rekuona nyika Uranus. Kuti aite izvi, akange achiona makometi uye akazvipira kuita mazano pamusoro pekudzikisa pasi. Zvishandiso zvinodiwa kuyera kufamba kwezuva nenyeredzi zvakagadzirwa naye. Zvese izvi zvakapa kufambira mberi kukuru kune sainzi uye kucherechedzwa kwenzvimbo yekunze.
Mapuraneti kufamba dzidziso
Haana kungowana chete nyika Uranus asi iye akagadzira Iyo dzidziso yePlanetiki Motion. Akakwanisa kuigadzira kubva padambudziko remakanika. Akaratidza misimboti yekukwezva kwepasirese, pakati pezvakasimba zvakatumirwa yaive iyo inoti: mitumbi yese inofamba munzira yakatwasuka, kunze kwekunge yabviswa neimwe simba, izvi zvichavaita kuti vafambe, kungava sedenderedzwa, ellipse kana mufananidzo.
Akataura kuti miviri yese ine simba rayo regiravhiti pane yayo axis kana pakati uye kuti ivo vanozobatwawo nekukomba kwemitumbi yedenga iri padyo. Tikaswedera padyo nemimwe mitumbi yekudenga, simba iri rekukwezva rinotibata zvakanyanya. Zvakare, kuyedza kutarisa izvozvo Pasi rakanga richifamba muchidimbu chakakomberedza Zuva.
Sezvauri kuona, Robert Hooke akafambira mberi zvakanyanya pasainzi uye zita rake harigone kukanganwika.