Nicholas Steno

Geology yakave nevasayendisiti vakasiyana-siyana vakakwanisa kuita zviwanikwa zvinokatyamadza zvakachinja maitiro atinoona nyika Mumwe wemasayendisiti aya aive Nicolas Steno. Chokwadi kana iwe wakadzidza imwe geology muchikoro chepamusoro iwe unenge wanzwa nezvemurume uyu. Uyu ndiye murume wechokwadi wekuzvarwa patsva uyo akakwanisa kutsanangura zvinhu zvakati wandei nezve madutu uye kugadzirwa kwevhu repasi redu.

Muchikamu chino tiri kuzokuudza iyo biography yaNicolás Steno achijekesa ake akakosha mabasa uye achitsanangura ruzivo rwaakapa kune geology.

Kutanga kwaro

Uyu murume aigara kugara padhuze nevanhu vaive nehanya neanopfuura kurairwa. Kazhinji, kana munhu achidzidza, iye anonyanya kugadzirisa mubazi kuti ave nyanzvi uye awedzere ruzivo nezvazvo. Mune ino kesi, vese Steno nevanhu vaaiswera navo zuva nezuva zvakamutarisa kune dzakasiyana dzakasiyana.

Steno akapinda mune kwete chete geology, asiwo mushonga, mazino, kudzidza kwezvikara zvekare, mashark, nezvimwe. Izvo zvinofanirwa kutaurwa kuti munguva dzekare zvaive nyore kudzidza matavi akasiyana siyana sezvo pakanga pasina ruzivo rwakanyanya mune yega yega. Nhasi haugone kuve nyanzvi zvachose kana mubazi rimwe chete, ungangoda hupenyu hwakati wandei kuti ukwanise kudzidza zvese zviripo nezvezvakawanda zvakawanda panguva imwe chete.

Nekudaro, kunyange hazvo nhasi usingakwanise kudzidza madhiri mazhinji panguva imwechete zvakadzama, unogona kutungamirwa neshungu yekuda kudzidza zvakawanda nezvezvimwe zvinhu zvisiri zvako zvekugona uye kugona kuzvidzivirira muminda yese. Kuda kuziva ndiko kwakaita kuti ndiwane zvinhu zvakasiyana siyana mugeology.

Nyaya yaNicolás Steno inotangira muFlorence. Pano aive chiremba uye akagara mune yekudzidzira mushure memakore akati wandei ekudzidza zvemishonga muWestern Europe. Akange ave achiongorora maumbirwo etsandanyama uye akawana gland iyo kusvika panguva iyoyo yanga isati yazivikanwa. Iyo gland mumusoro wemhuka dzakadaidzwa yainzi "ductus stenonianus" mushure mezita rayo.

Mamiriro ekunze muFlorence

Panguva iyoyo, Steno akatamira kuFlorence muna 1665 kuti akwanise kujoina Grand Duke weTuscany uye nokudaro kuunganidza izvo zvinonzi "Cabinet of curiosities." Izvo zvaive zvekuzadza imba yese nezvinhu zvakasiyana zvakasikwa senge kuunganidzwa uye zvimwe zvinhu. Zvakafanana nazvo diki yemitambo yakanaka uye yechisikigo kana imba yekutora yedhipatimendi reyunivhesiti.

Steno akasvika pakunyora nekutarisa mhuka dzakawanda, zvirimwa uye zvicherwa zvemarudzi ese. Nechekare nezvicherwa akatanga kuve neruzivo nezve geology, nekuti nzwisiso yake yaive ichikura.

Muna 1666, vamwe varedzi vakakwanisa, mushure mekuedza kukuru, kubata hove chena hombe. Mushure mekuizvambura kuti ikwanise kuitakura zvirinani, musoro wacho wakachengetwa naNicolás Steno kuti audzidze zvakadzama. Kuburikidza nekudzidza kwake uye kutsvagisa pamusoro peshark musoro, Steno akazviziva izvo paive nezvimwe zvinhu zvematombo zvinonzi glossopetrae zvakawanikwa pane mamwe matombo.

Dzimwe nyanzvi dzakafunga kuti aya matombo akadonha kubva kudenga kana kunyangwe kumwedzi. Vamwe vakafunga kuti zvisaririra zvakakura zvakasikwa mumatombo uye zvakakura nekufamba kwenguva. Nekudaro, idzi dzidziso dzakange dzisina musoro kune sainzi wedu. Akafunga kuti glossopetrae yaitaridzika semeno eeshaki nekuti aive chaizvo uye ndizvoDzakaiswa pamatombo apo dzaive dzakatovharwa nenyanza.

Nicolás Steno sababa veGeology

Kare kumashure, iyi Steno yakarongedzwa yaive yakasarudzika pfungwa. Dombo raigona sei kuva pamberi pegungwa? Kana zvisaririra zvaimbova mapfupa, zvaigona sei kuchengetedzwa nenzira imwecheteyo mudombo? Iyo yakasimba senge zino reshark haigone kuve yakabatanidzwa nyore nyore nedombo iro rimwe rakasimba.

Izvi zvidzidzo zvakamutorera makore matatu uye akagumisa kuti ese mhando dzedombo vaifanira kuumbwa ne chirongwa chekusimbisa uye chakaitika chakatenderedza kana pamusoro pezvisaririra. Ndokunge, dombo idzva rinodarika dombo rekare, saka panofanirwa kuve nematanho akatwasuka kana zvidimbu pasi rese.

Aya ndiwo mabatiro akaita pfungwa iyi yaNicolás Steno kutsananguro yakakosha kwazvo yegeology. Tambo dzepamusoro-soro ndedzechimanje manje pane dzakadzika kwazvo. Paunonyanya kuchera nekudzika iwe uri, zera redombo rakura. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nenyaya yekuti mamwe marara acho anopindirana nekufamba kwenguva pamwe nemadhipatimendi eteki nyowani nekusimbiswa kwavo kunotevera.

Nekuda kwekufungidzira uku, nguva dzakasiyana muzera repasi dzinogona kusiananiswa. Maitiro aya aigona kubvumidza vesaenzi kutora mhedzisiro nezve zvakapfuura zvichienderana nekuti matombo ekare aive akavakirwa nekudzika kwavakaita. Kufambira mberi kwakapihwa naNicolás Steno kurongedza kwave kwakakosha mukufunda nzanga dzekare dzevanhu, dinosaurs, uye kunyange shanduko mumamiriro ekunze izvo zvakave zviripo munguva dzakasiyana dzepasi nhoroondo.

Steno misimboti

Pakupera kwehupenyu hwake, Steno akasiya hupenyu hwese hwakatsaurirwa sainzi kuti apinde muchitendero. Akagadzwa kuva bhishopi muna 1677 uye mupostori vicar wekuchamhembe kweGerman neScandinavia.

Nekudaro, akatisiira iyo misimboti yegeology iyo iwe yaunogona kuziva zvakawanda nezvePasi.

• Yekutanga yakatenderera musimboti. Iyo tambo inoumbwa yakatwasuka. Kwese kutsauka kwakatevera kunokonzerwa nekukanganisa kwakatevera mudombo.
• Nheyo yekufananidza kwemaitiro. Inoratidza kuti maitiro e geological akaitika munguva yakapfuura ane kumhanya kumwechete uye kwakaitika nenzira yakafanana nanhasi.
• Yekupedzisira kuenderera musimboti. Iyo tambo inowedzera mumativi ese kusvika kunzvimbo dzekuisa.

Ndinovimba ruzivo urwu runokubatsira iwe kuti uzive zvakawanda nezvaNicolás Steno, baba veGeology.