Newton ndiye akatanga kunzwisisa kuti murarabungu chii: akashandisa prism kudzoreredza chiedza chichena ochipwanya kuita mavara ayo makuru: tsvuku, orenji, yero, girini, bhuruu, uye violet. Izvi zvinozivikanwa se Newton's prism.
Muchikamu chino tichakuudza zvose zvaunoda kuziva pamusoro peNewton's prism, maitiro ayo uye maitiro.
Chii chinonzi Newton's prism
Newton's prism chishandiso chemaziso chinotibvumira kuongorora nekunzwisisa chimiro chechiedza. Yakagadzirwa nemusayendisiti wokuBritain Isaac Newton muzana remakore rechiXNUMX. uyo akaita zvipo zvakakosha mumunda we optics.
Iko kugona kukuru kweNewton prism kutyora mwenje chena muchikamu chemavara ayo. Kana mwaranzi wechiedza chena uchipfuura nemuprism, mwenje unodzorwa, kureva kuti, unotsauka kubva munzira yayo yepakutanga nekuda kwekuchinja kwekumhanya kana uchipfuura nepakati peprism. Izvi zvinoita kuti chiedza chipatsanuke kuita mafungu akasiyana-siyana, zvichiita kuti pave neruvara rwakasiyana-siyana kubva kutsvuku kuenda kuruvara.
Chiitiko ichi chinozivikanwa sekupararira kwechiedza. Newton akaratidza kuti Chiedza chichena chinoumbwa nemusanganiswa wemavara akasiyana uye kuti rumwe norumwe rwemavara aya rune wavelength yakasiyana. Newton's prism inotitendera kuona kuparara uku uye inotiratidza kusiyana kwemavara anoumba chiedza chatinoona mazuva ese.
Chinhu chinonakidza cheNewtonian prism kugona kwayo kudzosera kumashure nzira yekuparadzira. Nekuisa prism yechipiri mushure mekutanga, tinogona kubatanidza mavara akapararira uye kuwana mwenje chena zvakare. Chiitiko ichi chinozivikanwa se dispersion reversal uye chinoratidza kuti chiedza chichena musanganiswa wemavara ose anooneka.
Pamusoro pekushandiswa kwayo mukuora uye kubatanidzwazve kwechiedza, Newton's prism yakashandiswawo mu spectroscopy, unyanzvi hunoita kuti kemikari yechinhu chiongororwe nekuongorora chiedza chachinotora kana kuti chinobudisa. Nekupfuura mwenje nemumuenzaniso uyezve neprism, tinogona kuona mitsara yakasviba kana yakajeka mune inobuda spectrum, ichitipa ruzivo nezve zvinhu zviripo mumuenzaniso.
Isaac Newton uye imwe nhoroondo
Isaac Newton anowanzova mumwe wemasayendisiti ekutanga anouya mupfungwa paanokurukura nezvevanhu vane mukurumbira munhoroondo. Nyaya yake yeapuro negiravhiti yave kunyatsozivikanwa. Nyanzvi yefizikisi iyi yakasiya mucherechedzo munhoroondo nekugadzira mitemo inodzora zvese kufamba kwezvitunha zvemuchadenga uye izvo zvezvinhu zvinobatika zviri paNyika. Mutemo weUniversal Gravitation uye Mitemo mitatu yeClassical Mechanics mienzaniso miviri yemitemo yakadai.
Kunyange zvazvo basa rake pachiedza nemavara risinganyatsozivikanwi, rinongokoshawo. Newton asati atsvakurudza muna 1665, zvaiwanzodavirwa kuti mavara aigadzirwa nokumwe kuita kwegirazi uye kuti chiedza chezuva chaive chichena. Nekudaro, aive wekutanga kuona kuti mwenje muchena waive nebasa rekugadzira mavara, sezvo akatsemuka mavari nekuda kwehunhu hwayo hwekuona.
Paunenge uchiita kuyedza kwekutanga uchishandisa refracting prism, Akataura kuti chiedza chinogona kuparadzaniswa kuva mavara akasiyana-siyana. Kupfuurirazve, akaziva kuti zvinhu zvisingaoneki zvinotora mamwe mavara apo zvichiratidzira mamwe, namavara anoratidzirwa ari ayo anooneka neziso romunhu. Kuedza uku kwaive kwakakosha zvekuti kwakaburitswa muJournal yeRoyal Society muna 1672, ichimaka bepa resainzi rekutanga kuburitswa munhoroondo.
Mabviro emavara
Muzivi Aristotle akanga ari piyona mukuzivikanwa kwamavara. Munguva yezana remakore rechina BC, akagumisa kuti mavara ose akasikwa nekubatanidzwa kwemavara mana anokosha. Aya mavara aibatanidzwa nezvinhu zvina izvo vakatonga nyika, kusanganisira pasi, mvura, moto uye denga. Aristotle akataurawo kuti kukanganiswa kwechiedza nemumvuri kunogona kukanganisa mavara aya, kuita kuti asvibe kana kureruka uye kugadzira misiyano yakasiyana.
Dzidziso yemavara haina kufambira mberi kutozosvikira muzana remakore rechiXNUMX, Leonardo Da Vinci paakaona zvakasiyana-siyana. Uyu murume wokuItaly ane matarenda akawanda aidavira kuti ruvara rwakanga ruri chinhu chinokosha. Mukuwedzera, akaronga chiyero chokutanga chemavara anokosha akatanga kugadzirwa naAristotle, chiyero chakatungamirira kukudziridzwa kwemamwe mavara ose.
Da Vinci akakurudzira kuti chena ive yekutanga ruvara, achisimbisa kuti ndiro chete ruvara rwakabvumira kugamuchirwa kwevamwe vose. Akabatanidza yero nenyika, girini nemvura, bhuruu nedenga, dzvuku nemoto, uye dema nerima. Nekudaro, kusvika kumagumo ehupenyu hwake, Da Vinci akabvunza dzidziso yake paakaona kuti musanganiswa wemamwe mavara unogona kugadzira girini.
Newton's prism uye dzidziso yechiedza
Muna 1665, Newton akaita chiwanwa chinochinja upenyu murabhoritari yake. Nokupfuudza chiedza chichena muprism, akakwanisa kuchitsemura kuva mavara akasiyana-siyana. Kuedza uku kwakamuratidza kuti chiedza chichena chine mavara ose anooneka. Chinhu chikuru chakashandiswa mukuyedza yaive prism inoonekera. Newton akasimbisa kuti maranzi akagadzirwa neprism aive akakosha uye aisagona kuparadzaniswa zvakare. Kuti aone zvaakawana, akaronga maprism maviri nenzira inoita kuti mwaranzi dzvuku kubva paprism yekutanga isangane sezvaaipfuura nepakati pechipiri, zvakare ichibudisa chiedza chichena.
Kuitika kwechiitiko ichi kwakafanana nekudzokororwa kwechiedza padivi pechidimbu chepurasitiki kana girazi. Izvi zvinokonzera mavara akasiyana-siyana pamusoro. Chiitiko ichi chinogonawo kuonekwa panguva yekunaya kwezuva. Madonhwe emvura anoita samaprism, achitsemura chiedza chezuva uye achibudisa muraraungu unooneka.
Mushure mekuona kwako, Newton akawana kuti kupenya kwechiedza kwaienderana nechinhu chaitaurwa.. Nekuda kweizvozvo, zvinhu zvakasarudzika zvinotora mamwe mavara pane kuaratidzira ese. Mushure mezvo, Newton akaziva kuti mavara anoratidzwa chete ndiwo anosvika pameso, nokudaro achibatsira pakuonekwa kweruvara muchinhu.
Tsananguro yaNewton yakaratidza kuti nzvimbo inoita seyakatsvuka inzvimbo inotora mavara ose echiedza chichena kunze kwechitsvuku, icho chinoratidzwa chozoonekwa neziso remunhu chodudzirwa neuropi seruvara rutsvuku.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve prism yaNewton uye maitiro ayo.