Zvirokwazvo, pane dzakawanda nguva iwe wakanzwa nezve iyo NASA. Iyi ndiyo United States Aeronautical Space Administration (NASA, nechidimbu chayo muChirungu) isangano rakatsaurirwa kutsvagurudza nzvimbo uye kuongorora. Kwemakore kubva payakatangwa, yakaparura mamishini mazhinji ekuongorora nzvimbo yekunze. Iyo ndeimwe yemasangano akakosha kwazvo pasi rese mune zvese zvine chekuita neastronomy.
Muchikamu chino tichaudza iwe nezve zvese hunhu uye kukosha kweNASA.
Mhando huru
Iri ibazi rakagadzirwa muna 1958. Kubva ipapo, rave riri mutariri wekuparura anopfuura zana nemakumi matanhatu emamisheni emuchadenga uye rakatumira vanoenda muchadenga vazhinji. Chinangwa chikuru cheNASA uye ese mamisheni enzvimbo akaitika mukati memakore ese aya kuongorora nzvimbo yekunze uye kuwana rumwe ruzivo nezvazvo. Kuedza kunoitwa kutsvaga kana kutsvaga nezve hupenyu hwepasi nepasi uye hunhu hwechose chinhu chakakomberedza nyika yedu muchadenga.
Pakati peakakosha mishoni ne Iwo ayo anoratidzwa nesangano iri ndeaya ari parwendo kuenda kumwedzi muna 1969. Iri ibasa rakakura rakafamba kumativi ese epasi uye munhu wese aive akamirira izvo NASA yaizowana. Kune vanhu vazhinji avo kunyangwe nanhasi vanofunga kuti rwendo kuenda kumwedzi rwese rwanga rwuri montage uye rwanga rusiri rwechokwadi.
Kutanga nedzimwe nzendo dzakakosha kuenda kunzvimbo yekunze, NASA yaifanira kudzima mafambiro mazhinji ekushaikwa kwemari. Uye ndeyekuti kuongorora kwenzvimbo kwakarasa kufarira muhuwandu uye mari shoma uye shoma yakatemerwa izvozvo. Mushure memakore makumi matatu achiita nzvimbo dzemahara, aifanira kukanzura chirongwa ichi chose. Zvakadaro Mutungamiri weUS Donald Trump anoda kusundira nzvimbo yemuchadenga kuti itumire mamwe mamishini muchadenga uye nekuita zvisingawanikwe.
Kukosha kweNASA
Ramba uchifunga kuti izvozvi agency iyi haisisiri yega yekutsvaga nzvimbo. Nekudaro, haifanire kurerutswa, nekuti ndiyo yakatitorera kumwedzi makore makumi mashanu nerimwe apfuura. Uye zvakare, mukati memakumi makumi emakore aya yanga iri basa rekuzadzikisa zviroto zvevanhu zvekutora nzvimbo yekunze. Kunyangwe yakavambwa muna Chikunguru 51, 29, asi haina kutanga kushanda kusvika Gumiguru 1 wegore iro.
Zvese zvinozivikanwa nezve zvekunze nzvimbo kusvika pari zvino zvakawanikwa nesangano iri, saka zvakakosha zvakanyanya maererano neruzivo rwezvose zvakasikwa. Nguva yega yega chimwe chinhu nezve iyo nzvimbo chinopera isu tinorangarira ino agency. Tichaona izvozvi ndedzipi nzendo dzakakosha zvikuru dzakaitwa neNASA uye dzakakodzana neruzivo nezvese zvakasikwa.
Iyo yakanakisa NASA inofamba
- Muongorori 1: Ndiyo yekutanga satellite yekuMadokero yakapihwa mukupindura maSoviet. Iyi satellite yekunyepedzera ndiyo yakatanga mujaho wemuchadenga (chinongedzo) 30. Chishandiso ichi chakayera 203 masentimita kureba uye 16 masendimita paupamhi uye chaive nebasa rekuona kuti pasi redu rakakomberedzwa nemirairo ye cosmic. Yakatenderedza nyika yedu makumi mashanu neshanu ezviuru uye yaive muchadenga kwemakore gumi nemaviri.
- Allan Shepard: Aive wekutanga muchadenga weNASA kuenda muchadenga. Akaita ndege inotenderera paMercury Redstone 3. Chinoitika chakaitika muna 1961.
- Apollo Chirongwa: Chirongwa ichi chaive nechinangwa chekukwanisa kubhururuka pamusoro uye kutsika Mwedzi. Chirongwa ichi chakatangwa mushure mekuziviswa neMutungamiriri wenyika, VaJohn F. Kennedy, umo mavakazivisa kuti vachatora murume kuenda kusatellite. Paive nemamishinari mazhinji kusvika Apollo 11 aibata basa rekuzadzisa vimbiso yekutsika pamwedzi. Zvakaitika mugore ra1969 uye aive Neil Armstrong akataura mazwi asingafe ekuti: "Nhanho diki kumunhu, kusvetuka kukuru kwevanhu." Uyu mutsara wakaziviswa nguva pfupi usati watsika pane satellite yedu, Mwedzi.
- Apollo 13: Iri basa rakatsvaga kutungamira munhu kuti atsike pane yedu satellite kechitatu. Zvisinei, tangi yeokisijeni tank yakakonzera kuti ngarava ive munjodzi. Icho chaive chimwe chezvakakosha zvakanyanya kukundikana munhoroondo. Kunyangwe iwo mamishinari asina kuenda nenzira kwayo, ivo vakakwanisa kudzoka kumba nekutenda kune hunyanzvi hwevazivi venyeredzi nevamwe vavo. Isu tinofanirwa zvakare kutaura nezve basa remamishinari ekudzora varume paPasi vakabatsira kudzoka kupasi redu.
- Piyona 10: Chivabvu 1972 uye inzvimbo yekuongorora yakave yekutanga spacecraft kuyambuka Asteroid Belt nekusvika kuJupiter. Iyo ine ndiro inozivisa chero huchenjeri hwekunze hunogona kuwanikwa kwayakabva uye kuti isu vanhu tiri sei. Chiratidzo chekupedzisira chakatorwa kubva kuongororo iyi chaive muna 2003. Parizvino, iri kunanga kune nyeredzi Aldebaran mukati meyeredzi reTaurus.
Mamwe akakosha mamishini
Ngatione kuti ndeapi mamwe mamisheni akakosha ave NASA.
- Space shuttles: Ichi chirongwa chakazvarwa apo NASA yaida kudzikisa mari dzekutsvaga. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti spacecraft yeApollo yaigona kushandiswa kamwe chete. Zvinoita sekuti paive nemotokari dzaigona kumira nzendo zhinji muchadenga, saka vaitofanira kugadzira ngarava yaigona kumira pakupisa kwakaunzwa nekubuda nepasi. Mushure memazana mapfumbamwe makumi matatu emakore ekudzidza, iyo shuttle yeColumbia inogona kugadzirwa. Kubva payakatanga basa rayo, yanga ichishandiswa kweanopfuura makumi maviri emakore, asi yakaparara mukubuda kwayo kwekupedzisira ikatora hupenyu hwevashandi vanomwe.
- Hubble Space Teresikopu: Pamberi paHubble, mifananidzo yataive nayo yenzvimbo yaive chigadzirwa chevhu-based telescopes. NASA yakasarudza kuisa chimwe cheizvi zvishandiso kubva kupasi kuti titore mifananidzo inopinza yezvose. Kutenda kune yekugara kugadziriswa, Hubble achiri kushanda.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezveNASA uye zviitwa.