El Titicaca nyanza ine mvura yakawanda inofukidza nharaunda yePeru neBolivia, zvakare yakanyorwa sedziva repamusoro-soro pasi rose, ine mvura inofambika, yakakodzera kubata hove, uye ine zvimwe zvitsuwa zvinoyangarara zvakavakwa pamusoro payo, apo inharaunda yakakwana. Iyo inozivikanwawo seGungwa reAndes.
Muchikamu chino tichakuudza zvese zvaunoda kuziva nezveLake Titicaca, kwaro uye maitiro aro.
Mhando huru
Lake Titicaca nderimwe remadziva anoyevedza pasi rose uye riri pakakwirira 3.812 metres. Nekuda kwehunhu hwenzvimbo yayo, ine hunyanzvi hunogoverwa nenyika mbiri dzeCentral America, iyo yainayo. 56% yePeruvia nyika uye 44% yeBolivia nyika.
Asi unhu hwayo hahugumiri ipapo, nokuti patinoenzanisa kuwedzera kwayo kwe8.560 204 square kilometers nemamwe madhamu munharaunda yeLatin America, Lake Titicaca ndiro dziva rechipiri pakukura muiyi ndima yakakura. Huyero hwayo hunofukidza makiromita 1.125 kubva kune rumwe rutivi kuenda kune rumwe rutivi, uye chidimbu chemakiromita XNUMX emhenderekedzo yegungwa inoganhurana nepamusoro payo, izvo zvinoitawo kuti ive dziva repamusoro-soro uye rinofambika kupfuura mamwe pasi rose.
Mukuwedzera, iri gungwa rakanaka rine zvitsuwa zvinopfuura makumi mana nezviviri mukati, iyo inonyanya kuzivikanwa ndeyeIsla del Sol, iyo inonyanya kukosha kupfuura dzimwe nokuti Inca Empire yakabva ipapo, saka inoratidza mutsara wezvinyorwa izvo chikamu cheizvi. budiriro yekare humbowo hwekuvapo. Mazuvano, vagari vayo vazhinji ndevekwavo, uye kunyangwe vaine pesvedzero yetsika dzemazuva ano, vanochengeta tsika dzavo zhinji dzedzinza reInca.
Kwakabva Lake Titicaca
Tectonic forces inokonzerwa neEarth's magma, uye iri geothermal simba rinoshandurwa kuita mechanical simba rinokonzera convective kufamba kwepasi pasi ndiro dzinoumba makondinendi edu. Mabviro eLake Titicaca imhaka yemasimba aya etectonic anoita kuti makomo ekumabvazuva nekumadokero eCentral American Andes asimuke. Simba rekufamba uku rinoburitsa kuumbwa kwematea, ayo ari flat high reliefs. Bani iri rinozivikanwa nezita rekuti Meseta de Collao.
Iyo Collao Plateau, iri panzvimbo inodarika 3.000 metres ekukwirira, yakachengeta mvura yakaoma panguva yeIce Age, saka maitiro ekuisa haana kuitika. Izvi zvakaita kuti rirambe rakaita chimiro uye kudzika kwaro, saka pakaitika chando chacho, aizi yacho yakanyunguduka ndokuva Lake Titicaca, yava kunzi Lake Titicaca.
Mamiriro ekunze asina mvura uye akaoma enzvimbo dzemukati memvura dzePeru neBolivia anokanganisawo kuyerera kwadzo kudiki uye kunononoka, zvichibatsira mukushingirira kwemvura yakakura iyi.
Ongororo dzakadzama dzenzvimbo yegungwa dzakaratidza kuti Lake Titicaca ndiyo mhedzisiro yekushanduka kwehurongwa hwekare hwakatanga muEarly Pleistocene epoch, 25,58 kusvika 781,000 makore apfuura, uye yakachinjika kumagumo ePliocene.
Kuchinja kwemamiriro okunze kwakaitika mukati meidzi nhambo, kuvambira munzvimbo dzinopisa zvikuru kusvika kumamiriro okunze anotonhora neanonyorova, zvakatapura zvakananga kuvapo noukuru hweLake Titicaca nemamwe nyanza dzine mapani. Muchiitiko chimwechete, makomo eCordillera akaputsika nekuchamhembe-kumaodzanyemba tectonic forces. Pakupedzisira, muLower Pleistocene mamiriyoni 2,9 emakore apfuura, Mushure mekutanga kweLake Cabana uye kusati kwavapo kweLake Baliwan, mugero wetectonic wakaumbwa waizogarwa neLake Titicaca.
Mamiriro ekunze eLake Titicaca
Mamiriro ekunze eLake Titicaca anotsamira pakukwirira kwaro, riri dziva rinopfuura mamita 3.000 25 pamusoro pemwero wegungwa, rine musiyano mukuru wetembiricha pakati pemasikati nousiku. Tembiricha inogona kusvika 0°C masikati uye XNUMX°C usiku.
Tembiricha yepagore yedhamu iyi yakatemwa kuva 13°C. Kune chikamu chayo, tembiricha yepasi pemvura inosiyana pakati pe11 ne25 degrees Celsius muna Nyamavhuvhu uye pakati pe14 ne35 degrees Celsius munaKurume.
Zvingava zvinoshamisa kuti kuva pakakwirira kudaro tembiricha mukati mezuva inodziya zvikuru, uye izvi imhaka yokuti Lake Titicaca inogona kudzora tembiricha nokuti inotora simba rezuva mukati mezuva, iro riri munzvimbo yakapoteredza dhamu racho. Husiku simba iri rinovhenekerwa kure, saka tembiricha haisi kutonhora sezvataitarisira.
Hydrology
Yakawanda yemvura muLake Titicaca inorasika nekuputika, chiitiko chakanyanya kuoma mune dzimwe nzvimbo umo mazamu emunyu anoumbwa, nokuti zvicherwa zvegungwa zvinosanganiswa kuburikidza nenzizi uye zvinoiswa.
Zvinonzi 5% chete yemvura yemudhamu iyi ndiyo inodirwa murwizi Desaguadero panguva yemwaka wemvura yakakwirira, inodira muLake Poopó, ine munyu kupfuura Lake Titicaca. Mvura inodonha kubva kuLake Titicaca inopedzisira yava muSalar de Coisasa, uko mvura shoma inokurumidza kubuda.
Chimwe chimiro che hydrology yaro ndechokuti nzizi dzinoita hydrological basin yayo ipfupi kwazvo, neRamis, Asangaro neCalabaya nzizi dzinozivikanwa seyo huru uye yakareba, iyo iyo Ramis ndiyo yakareba pa283 km.
Mafambiro ematunhu akaderera uye haana kurongeka uye kubatsira kwawo kunotariswa nemvura yemwaka, iyo iri pakati pemwedzi waZvita naKurume, ukuwo kusanaya kwemvura kana kusanaya kwemvura kunowanikwa pakati pemwedzi waChikumi naMbudzi.
Matunhu eLake Titicaca anoratidzirwa nekatsetse kadiki, ndosaka hunhu hwavo huri kutenderera, ndiko kuti, sinuous, izvo zvinoreva kuti hapana mhirizhonga, izvi zvinopesvedzera pachena, rudzi rwemhuka nemaruva zvine chekuita nehurongwa.
Mvura yeLake Titicaca inoratidzirwa nekuva brackish mvura uye hapana maitiro ekuona, kutonga uye kutarisa kunaka kwemvura. Muchokwadi, sampling yakaitwa ndeye chaiyo, ndiko kuti, nzvimbo zhinji yedhamu iri haisati yaongororwa panyaya iyi. Nekudaro, mvura idzo parizvino dziri yeBay of Puno dzinozivikanwa kuti dzakasvibiswa sezvo mvura yeguta inorasirwa mazviri pasina kurapwa.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezveLake Titicaca uye maitiro ayo.