Biodiversity, inozivikanwawo sekusiyana-siyana kwezvinhu zvipenyu, inobatanidza huwandu hwese hwehupenyu hwepasi redu, kubva kumajini uye mabhakitiriya kusvika kune yakaoma kunzwisisa ecosystem semasango nemakorari. Kusiyana kunoshamisa kwatinoona nhasi mugumisiro wemabhiriyoni emakore emhindumupindu, muitiro wave uchiumbwa zvishoma nezvishoma nezviito zvevanhu. Zvisinei, kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze kuri kukanganisa zvikuru. Vanhu vakawanda vanoshamisika Kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze kunokanganisa sei mhuka dzemugungwa.
Muchinyorwa chino tichakuudza kuti kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze kunokanganisa sei mhuka dzemugungwa uye chii chingaitwa nezvazvo.
Kukosha kwezvakasiyana-siyana zvezviwanikwa
Kudyidzana kwezvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana kwakakosha pakutsamira kwedu pazvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana, zvakaita semararamiro, mvura yakachena, kusimukira kwemishonga, kugadzikana kwemamiriro ekunze uye kubudirira kwehupfumi. Zvisikwa zvinoita basa rakakosha, zvichipa chikamu chinodarika hafu yeGDP yenyika. Uyezve, Mararamiro evanhu vanopfuura bhiriyoni ane chokuita zvakananga nokuvapo kwemasango. Pamusoro pezvo, zvese zviri zviviri pasi nemakungwa zvinobatsira kudzikisira mhedzisiro yekubuda kwekabhoni nekutora inopfuura hafu yazvo.
Mamiriro echisikigo parizvino ari munjodzi. Ngozi yokutsakatika inotyisidzira marudzi anoda kusvika miriyoni, uye mamwe anotarisana nenhamo iyi mumakumi emakore. Sango reAmazon raimbove rakachena, rakakurumbira nekuda kwekusiyana-siyana kwaro kwezvipenyu, riri kuita shanduko inotyisa. Kutemwa kwemasango kwakonzera kuti nharaunda iyi inoshamisa ibve pakuva yakakosha kunyura kusvika pakuva hombe kabhoni. Uyezve, kutsakatika kwe85 muzana yematoro, kusanganisira nzvimbo dzinogara dzakakosha dzakadai semadhaka emunyu nemimango, zvakakonzera kurasikirwa kwekukwanisa kwayo kunotora huwandu hwakawanda hwekabhoni.
Kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze kunokanganisa sei mhuka dzemugungwa
Kushandiswa kwevanhu kwevhu, kunyanya kuti vawane chouviri, kunoramba kuri iko kuri kukonzera kudzikira kwemarudzi akasiyana-siyana. Chikamu chinokatyamadza che70 muzana chepasi-pasina aizi chakatoshandurwa nemabasa evanhu. Kushandurwa kwevhu kuti zviite zvekurima hakukonzeri chete kuderera kwenzvimbo dzinogara mhuka dzakawanda nezvirimwa, asi zvakare kunoisa njodzi huru pakurarama kwavo, zvichizotungamira mukutsakatika kwavo.
Basa rekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze mukuderera kwezvisikwa zvakasiyana-siyana riri kuwedzera kukosha. Marine, terrestrial uye ecosystems emvura yakachena akashandurwa zvachose nekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze. Kuchinja uku kwakaguma nokutsakatika kwemarudzi omunzvimbomo, kuwedzera kwehosha, uye kufa kwakapararira kwezvose zviri zviviri zvinomera nemhuka. Naizvozvo, Tiri kupupurira nyaya dzekutanga dzekutsakatika dzine chekuita nekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze.
Sezvo tembiricha dzichiwedzera, kutama kwemhuka nezvirimwa kuenda kunzvimbo dzakakwirira kana kuti latitudes kunova kuri madikanwa, kunyanya kunharaunda dzepolar, zvichiunza kukanganisa kwakakura pane ecosystem. Mukana wekutsakatika kwemarudzi unowedzera nekuwedzera kwega kwega kwekushisa.
Nekudziya kwemugungwa, kune njodzi yakawedzera yekukuvadzwa kusingagadzirike kune zvipenyu zvemugungwa nemahombekombe. Makorari aichimbova akabudirira haasisiri zvadzikira neinenge 50% muzana remakore rapfuura nehafu, uye kuwedzera kwekushisa kunotyisidzira kubvisa zvachose matombo akasara.
Mhedzisiro yekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze inopfuurira kupfuura ecosystem pachayo uye inokanganisa kugara zvakanaka kwezvirimwa, mhuka, mavhairasi uye kunyangwe kunogara vanhu. Uku kuchinjwa kwemaitiro echisikigo kunogona kukonzera kuwedzera kwekutapurirwa kwezvirwere kubva kumhuka kuenda kuvanhu. Uyezve, kudzikiswa kweecosystem masevhisi, senge Kurasikirwa kwechikafu, mishonga uye raramo inoenderera kune zvakare kukanganisa kwakananga pahutano hwevanhu.
Kukosha kwekuchengetedza marine biodiversity
Sezvo magreenhouse gasi anogadzirwa kuburikidza nemabasa evanhu, angangoita 50% emhepo inobuda mumhepo, ukuwo. Iyo 50% yasara inotorwa nenyika negungwa. Aya masikirwo ekabhoni anonyura, anosanganisira akasiyana ecosystems uye kusiyana kwawo kwezvipenyu, anopa izvo zvinozivikanwa semishonga yechisikigo kugadzirisa shanduko yemamiriro ekunze.
Zvinenge zvikamu zviviri kubva muzvitatu zvekukwanisa kuderedza kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze kuburikidza nenzira dzechisikigo zvinogona kuverengerwa nekuchengetedza, kutonga uye kugadzirisa masango. Pasinei nekuenderera mberi uye kuderera kwakanyanya kwenzvimbo dzine masango, Aya maecosystem akakosha achiri kuvhara chikamu chinodarika makumi matatu kubva muzana chePasi.
Nzvimbo dzemvura, kunyanya peatlands dzakadai semvura uye machakwi, dzinovhara chete 3 muzana yepasi pePasi. Zvisinei, vane simba rinoshamisa rokuchengeta kabhoni kaviri inowanikwa mumasango ose akabatanidzwa. Kuchengeta uye kumutsidzira aya mapeatlands kunosanganisira kuve nechokwadi chekuti anoramba aine hydrated zvakakwana, kudzivirira kabhoni kubva kune oxidizing uye kutizira mumhepo.
Muhondo yekurwisa kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze, Mangrove ane kukosha kwakakosha nekuda kwekugona kwawo kutora nekuchengeta kabhoni dhaikisaidhi. Idzi nzvimbo dzemugungwa, kusanganisira huswa hwemugungwa, dzine kugona kunoshamisa kwekutora kabhoni dhaikisaidhi kubva mumhepo pamwero unosvika kana kana kupfuura iwo ari panyika.
Mhinduro dzekudzikisa kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze
Kudzikamisa kuburitswa kwekabhoni uye kuenderana nemamiriro ekunze ari kushanduka, zvakakosha kuchengetedza nekumutsidzira nzvimbo dzekugara, panyika uye mumvura. Kuvandudza kugona kwechisikigo kutora zvinobuda kunogona kupa mukana kune zvingangoita chikamu chimwe muzvitatu chekudzikiswa kwakakodzera mukuburitswa kwegasi rinopisa mukati memakore gumi anotevera.
United Nations iri pamwe chete kugadzirisa kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze uye kurasikirwa kwezvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana. Nyika pari zvino yakatarisana nedambudziko remapuraneti matatu, kusanganisira kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze, kurasikirwa kwemhando dzakasiyana-siyana uye kusvibiswa. Kushandira kuzadzisa Zvinangwa Zvekusimudzira uye kuve neramangwana rakagadzikana repasi redu, zvakakosha kuti nyaya idzi dzigadziriswe pamwechete.
Hurumende dziri kugadzirisa nyaya yekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze uye kusiyana kwezvipenyu kuburikidza nezvibvumirano zviviri zvakasiyana pasi rose: United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) neConvention on Biological Diversity (CBD), zvose zvakavambwa panguva yeUnited Nations Summit muRio de Janeiro muna 1992.
Sechibvumirano cheParis chine mukurumbira chakavambwa muna 2015 kuburikidza neUNFCCC, Chibvumirano cheBiological Diversity parizvino chiri kuita chibvumirano chitsva chekuchengetedza zvisikwa, chinodaidzwa kuti post-2020 global biodiversity framework. Biodiversity Targets iyo yakagamuchirwa muna 2010.
Mukati mekutanga vhezheni yegadziriro, Nhevedzano yezviyero zvakabatanidzwa kugadzirisa zvikonzero zvepasi rose zvekuderera kwezvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana, iyo inofukidza kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze uye kusvibiswa.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezvekuti kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze kunokanganisa sei mhuka dzemugungwa.