Kunyangwe iwe wakadzidza biology muchikoro chesekondari, kana uri kuverenga nezve mhasuru mashoma kuwana, iwe zvechokwadi wakanzwa nezve iyo Krebs kutenderera. Iyo ndeimwe yematanho emagetsi eerobic cellular kufema kunoitika mumuviri wedu. Iyo inozivikanwa zvakare nezita reiyo citric acid kutenderera uye iri metabolic nhanho inoitika mune mitochondrial matrix ese emhuka maseru.
Muchikamu chino tichaenda kukuudza izvo hunhu, nhanho nhanho izvo zvikamu zveiyo krebs kutenderera uye kukosha kwazvo padanho repamusoro.
Zvikamu zvekufema kwemaseru
Tisati tatsanangura kuti chii chinonzi krebs kutenderera, isu tinofanirwa kuyeuka mashandisiro anoita maseru, nekuti akakosha. Ngatione kuti ndeapi matanho ekufema kwemaseru. Zvinoitika muzvikamu zvitatu zvakakosha:
- Glycolysis: ndiyo nzira iyo glucose inoputsika kuita zvidimbu zvidiki. Panguva iyi pyruvate kana pyruvic acid inogadzirwa inozotungamira kuAcetyl-CoA.
- Krebs kutenderera: Mune iyo Krebs kutenderera, Acetyl-CoA yakasanganiswa kune CO2.
- Kufuridzira cheni: Pano mazhinji emagetsi anogadzirwa nekutamisa kwemaerekitironi kubva kuhydrogen. Simba iri rinobva mukubviswa kwezvinhu zvinobatanidzwa mune ese matanho apfuura.
Chii chinonzi krebs kutenderera
Mashandiro anoita maseru ekufema, ayo anosanganisirwa mune imwe yematanho eiyi kutenderera, ngatione kuti iri nezvei. Isu tinoziva kuti idenderedzwa yakaoma uye ine akawanda mabasa anobatsira maseru metabolism. Pasina kutenderera uku, ese maseru haakwanise kuzadzikisa mabasa akakosha kumuviri wedu. Chinangwa chekupedzisira chekrebs kutenderera ndechekusimudzira kuparara kwemagumo zvigadzirwa zve metabolism yemakabohydrate, lipids uye mamwe maamino acids.
Patinodya chikafu tinofanirwa kuziva kuti macronutrients makuru macarhydrate, mapuroteni nemafuta. Mapuroteni, zvakare, anoumbwa nemaamino acids. Neichi chikonzero, mune yekudyisa maitiro iyo krebs kutenderera yakakosha zvakanyanya. Zvese zvinhu zvinoiswa mumuviri kuburikidza nechikafu zvinova muAcetyl-CoA pamwe nekuburitswa kwe CO2 uye H2O uye synthesis yeATP.
Nekuda kweiyi synthesis, ndipo panogadzirwa simba iro maseru anofanirwa kushandisa kuita mabasa avo. Isu tine akasiyana epakati mukati mematanho ese eiyo mhiripiri iyo yavanoshandisa semberi mukutanga kweamino acids uye mamwe ma biomolecule. Kutenda neiyi kutenderera isu tinogona kuwana simba kubva kumamorekuru ezve organic chikafu. Simba iri ratinowana tinokwanisa kurichinjisa kumamorekuru kuti rishandiswe mune zviitwa zvemaseru uye tinokwanisa kuita mabasa edu akakosha nezviitiko zvese zvezuva nezuva.
Mukati meiyo krebs kutenderera isu tinowana mamwe maitiro emakemikari ayo ivo vanonyanya kusanganisa hunhu. Zvese zvinoitika zvinoda oxygen kuti zviitike. Imwe neimwe kemikari yekuita ine kutora chikamu kwemamwe maenzyme anowanikwa mune mitochondria yemasero. Ma enzymes ese ane hunhu hukuru hwekugona kugadzirisa kugadzirisa kwemakemikari. Kana isu tichitaura nezvekugadzirisa maitiro isu tiri kutaura nezvekugona kuwedzera mwero iwo maanogadziridza akashandurwa kuita zvigadzirwa.
Matanho eiyo krebs kutenderera
Pane zvinoitika zvinoverengeka zvemakemikari panguva ino yekutenderera inoda oxygen kuti iitwe. Chekutanga chemakemikari maitiro ndeye oxidative decarboxylation ye pyruvate. Muchiitiko ichi, glucose yakawanikwa kubva mukudzikisirwa kwemhazha yemahydrate inoshandurwa kuita mamorekuru maviri epyruvic acid kana pyruvate. Glucose inoshatiswa kuburikidza neGlycolysis uye inova yakakosha sosi yeAcetyl-CoA. Iyo oxidative decarboxylation ye pyruvate inotanga neiyo citric acid kutenderera. Ichi chemakemikari inoenderana nekubviswa kwekabhoni dhayokisaidhi uye pyruvate inogadzirwa muboka reacetyl inosunga kune coenzyme A. Mune ino chemakisheni maitiro, NADH inogadzirwa seyese-inotakura mamorekuru.
Kamwe iyo Acetyl-CoA molecule yaumbwa, iyi ndiyo nguva iyo kreb kutenderera kunoitika mumatrix emitochondria. Chinangwa chechikamu ichi ndechekugona kusanganisa macellular oxidation cheni kuti isanganise macarboni ese uye nekugona kuashandura kuita carbon dioxide. Kuti zvese izvi zvemakemikari zviitike, kuvepo kwe oxygen kwakakosha nguva dzese. Saka, Isu takataura tisati tatanga kurondedzera iyo Krebs kutenderera kukosha kwekufema kwemaseru.
Izvo zvese zvinotanga neiyo enzyme citrate synthetase iyo inosimudzira kugadzirisa kuita kwemakemikari umo kuchinjiswa kweboka reAcetyl kune oxaloacetic acid iyo inogadzira macitric acid zviito uye kuburitswa kwecoenzyme A. Zita redenderedzwa iri rine chekuita nekuumbwa kwe citric acid uye ese machemical reaction anoitika pano.
Kuwedzera oxidation uye maitiro e decarboxylation anoitika mune anotevera matanho. Aya maitiro anoita kuti ketoglutaric acid iumbe. Munguva yekuita izvi, kabhoni dhayokisaidhi inosunungurwa uye NADH neH inoumbwa.Iyi ketoglutaric acid inoitika ine oxidative decarboxylation reaction iyo inogadziriswa neiyo enzymatic yakaoma iyo Acetyl CoA neNAD vari chikamu. Zvese izvi zvinoitika zvinotungamira kune succinic acid, NADH uye GTP molecule inozobva yaendesa simba rayo kune ADP molecule inogadzira ATP.
Matanho ekupedzisira eiyi kutenderera so ivo vanongotarisa pane izvo kuti succinic acid inogona kusanganiswa kuita fumaric acid. Mhando iyi yeacid inozivikanwa nezita rekuti fumarate. Coenzyme yayo ndeye ADF. Pano FADH2 iri kuzoumbwa, inova imwe simba rinotakura mamorekuru. Chekupedzisira, fumaric acid haina kufadza kugona kuumba malic acid inozivikanwawo se "malate". Kupedza kutenderera kwekrebs, Malic acid inotanga kusanganisa kuti zvishoma nezvishoma igadzire oxaloacetic acid. Nenzira iyi, kutenderera kunotangwazve uyezve ese maitiro atakataura anoitika zvakare kubva pakutanga.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve krebs kutenderera uye maitiro ayo.