Johann Wolfgang von Goethe Akanga ari munyori weGermany, mudetembi uye musayendisiti akaberekwa muna 1749. Anoonekwa semumwe wevanyori vanonyanya kukosha veGermany uye mabhuku enyika. Akanyorawo chinyorwa pamusoro pemeteorology uye anozivikanwa nekugadzira "mutambo wegore."
Muchinyorwa chino tichakuudza nezve biography uye zvakaitwa naJohann Wolfgang von Goethe.
Biography yaJohann Wolfgang von Goethe
Baba vake, Johann Caspar Goethe, gweta rakajekeswa, vakasiya hupenyu hweveruzhinji ndokurera vana vavo vari voga. Amai vake, Catharina Elizabeth Textor, aive mwanasikana weaimbove meya weFrankfurt, izvo zvakamubatanidza kune aristocratic Frankfurt bourgeoisie. Vose vevana vevakaroorana vakafa vaduku, kunze kwaGoethe nehanzvadzi yake Cornelia Friedrich. Christiana, akaberekwa muna 1750.
Goethe akanga ane simba rose: theatre director, mutsoropodzi, mutori wenhau, wezvematongerwo enyika, mumiriri, muvendi, mudzidzisi, muzivi, munyori wenhoroondo, munyori weopera, haana kungonyura mune zvesainzi, asi akazova munyori wemabhuku, memoirist, playwright, munyori uye mudetembi. Nekungwara kukuru uye kugadzikana kwepfungwa, kunowanikwa kuburikidza nekuranga kwakaomarara, akaenzanisira imwe pfungwa yekuEurope yakavakirwa patsika nekuda kuziva kwepasirese.
Akadzidza zvemutemo paYunivhesiti yeLeipzig, ikoko akatanga kufarira mabhuku nokupenda. Akadzidzawo zvemashiripiti, zvenyeredzi uye alchemy. Shamwari yaamai vake, Katharina von Klettenberg, yakamusuma kuzvakavanzika zvorudzidziso.
Kudzokera kuWeimar muna 1788, akawana kupokana nemisimboti yake mitsva yekunyora uye ruvengo mune mamwe matunhu edare nekuda kwekugara pamwe chete nemudiki Christiane Vulpius, uyo muna Zvita 1789 akava nemwanakomana. Akava mudzimai wake muna 1806, uyo wavakaita naye vana vashanu, kunyange zvazvo mukuru chete, Julius August, akauya pazera. Goethe pachake aida kuva musayendisiti ane mukurumbira.
zvinoshamisa nesainzi
Biology yakagara ichizivikanwa seine chikwereti kwaari, kunyanya pfungwa ye morphology, iyo ndiyo nheyo yedzidziso yekushanduka-shanduka. Funga nezvebasa rake rakanyanya kukosha Zur Farbenlehre we1810, iyo Dzidziso yaGoethe yemavara umo akaedza kushora sainzi yeNewtonian. Kubva 1791 kusvika 1813 akatungamira Ducal Theatre.
Akava shamwari nemunyori wechiGerman Friedrich von Schiller. Ukama uhwu, hwakagara kubva muna 1794 kusvika pakufa kwaSchiller muna 1805, hwaive hwakakosha zvikuru kuna Goethe. Mabasa makuru aive mipiro kumagazini yaSchiller yeThe Hours, kusanganisira Roman Elegies (1795), nhevedzano yemabasa akafuridzirwa nekushandira pamwe kwake naChristiane Vulpius) munhetembo dzerudo nyoro dzakafemerwa nehukama hwake nema1980; bhuku rinonzi The Apprentice Years naWilliam Meister (1796) uye epic idyll Hermann naDorothea (1798). Schiller akakurudzirawo Goethe kuti anyorezve Faust, chikamu chekutanga chakabudiswa muna 1808. Nguva kubva muna 1805 kusvika pakufa kwake muWeimar yakabudirira.
Dzidziso yemavara uye mutambo wemakore naJohan Wolfgang von Goethe
Dzidziso yemavara yakagadzirwa naJohann Wolfgang von Goethe inobata kuti mavara haana kukamurwa kuva maprimary and secondary components, asi zviitiko zvepfungwa zvinoitika mukati mekuona kwevanhu pakuona chiedza. Mubhuku rake "Colour Theory", Goethe anotsanangura kuti mavara anogona sei kuonekwa seanoenderera mberi uye kuti kusanganiswa kwakasiyana kwemavara kunogona sei kuburitsa maitiro akasiyana ekuona.
Kana uri mutambo wemakore. itaridzo ine udzame uye ine mufungo yemakore nemamiriro emuchadenga. Goethe aitenda kuti makore aive chimiro chehunyanzvi hwechisikigo uye aikwanisa kudzidzwa nehutsinye hwakafanana nechero chimwe chinhu chakasikwa. Kuburikidza nemutambo wegore, akave nekunzwisisa kwakadzama kwezvisikwa uye akaita mupiro wakakosha kune sainzi yemeteorological yenguva yake.
Kuti Goethe amire uye atarise makore, shanduko huru yaifanira kuitika muhupenyu hwake. Nyanduri akakurumidza kusimuka kuita mukurumbira nerinovhero rakakurudzira vanhu vasingaverengeki kuzviuraya, The Misadventures of Young Werther, asi kushingaira kwake kwekutanga pre-Romantic kwakakurumidza kupera. Rwendo rwekuenda kuItaly rwakamutungamira kune zvakawanda zvakasiyana zvehunyanzvi zvekufarira kusvika azove munhu ane pesvedzero muGerman classicism.
Kekutanga aifarira chimiro chemakore. Izvi zvinozivikanwa nekuda kwekuunganidzwa kwezvinyorwa zvakasimbiswa naGoethe mudhayari rake, inozivikanwa seMabasa eKudenga kuverengwa kwenguva. Manotsi erondedzero, ari pedyo netsananguro pane kuongorora, ane hunyanzvi hwekunyora uye akakamurwa kuita zvikamu zvina -Strate, Cumulus, Cirrus naNimbus- inotungamirwa nenhetembo.
Mushure mokudzoka kubva kuItaly, mudetembi akavimbisa hupenyu hune rugare padare reWeimar. Mugari wenhaka yetsika yeHellenistic philosophy, akarima dzidziso dzakawanda dzinobva pahunhu hwekuenzanisa uye kuwirirana. Nhetembo nemitambo yemitambo zvakamusimudzira, asi hunhu hwake hweRenaissance hwakamutungamira kusainzi. Goethe akadzidza chiitiko cheruvara mudzidziso yemavara pahwaro hwefungidziro dzemaziso dzaipokana nedzaIsaac Newton.
Pamusoro pemabasa aFernando Vicente, Mutambo wemakore unewo mifananidzo yeanopfuura zviuru zvitatu zvakadhirowa zvemusiki eclectic.. Vamwe vavo vaida kuratidza chimiro chakatorwa nedenga "maererano nezviyero zvakaitwa muzvinyorwa zvangu zvekutanga", seimwe yezvinyorwa zvakaratidzwa. Kusvika muchikamu chechipiri ndipo patinoona nyanduri murunako rwake rwese. The Essay on Meteorology inomutsa kubva kubasa rake pamusoro petembiricha zviyero zviviri zvinoita kuti Goethe ave mufananidzo wakakwana: wesainzi uye wekunyora. Bhuku rino rinounza pamwe chete zvese zvinokunetsa zvehunyanzvi.
Rufu rwaJohann Wolfgang von Goethe
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe Akafa musi waKurume 22, 1832 muWeimar, aine makore makumi masere nemaviri. Chikonzero chekufa kwake chaiva chirwere chemoyo. Goethe akasiya nhaka isingaperi kwete mumabhuku netsika chete, asiwo mune sainzi, huzivi, uye zvematongerwo enyika. Basa rake rinoramba richiverengwa nokudzidzwa pasi pose, uye pesvedzero yake inopfuurira zvikuru kupfuura nguva yake nenzvimbo yaakaberekerwa.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve biography uye zvakaitwa naJohan Wolfgang von Goethe.