El Iberian system Ndiyo imwe yenzira huru dzemakomo muSpain. Iri munzvimbo yepakati peIberian Peninsula, asi mukati meValencian Nharaunda kumabvazuva, ichisvika kunenge kumhenderekedzo yeMedithera, nzvimbo yakakura uye yakaoma yemakomo. Kubva pakuona kwe hydrological, iyi sisitimu yakakosha muIberian Peninsula, sezvo ichiparadzanisa mabheseni emvura zhinji yenzizi huru muSpain nePortugal.
Muchikamu chino tichakutaurira nezvese maitiro uye kukosha kweIberian System.
Mhando huru
Magumo ekumadokero eIberian System akaganhurwa neCentral Plateau, iyo inoiparadzanisa kubva kuEbro Valley uye gungwa reMediterranean. Iyo system inowanikwa kupfuura 500 km kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero-kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva pakati peEbro mupata uye nepakati bani reMeseta, kubva kuLa Breba corridor mudunhu reBurgos, pedyo neCantabrian Mountains, kusvika kuMediterranean pedyo neValencia, kumaodzanyemba nekumabvazuva Tortosa uye Ebro Delta. Iyo Prebético system inokwira kumaodzanyemba kwekunyanyisa kumaodzanyemba kweIberian system.
Iyo geology yeIberian system yakaoma nekuti yakaoma kuitsanangura sehomogeneous system. Iyo inoumbwa neakatevedzana ezvisina kujairika uye heterogeneous makomo, massifs, mapani uye depressions pasina yakajeka yakajairika petroological kuumbwa. Zvimwe zvikamu zvehurongwa zvakaparadzaniswa ne geologically, zvichikanganisa kuenderera kwese, zvichibatana nezvimwe zvikamu kuburikidza nemapani ehurefu hwakasiyana.
Nzvimbo huru dzeIberian Cordillera dzave dzisina vanhu zvakanyanya kubva muzana ramakore rechiXNUMX. Kune akawanda madhorobha emweya kana mataundi akasiiwa akapararira munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzeIberian system, kunyanya mudunhu reTeruel. Nhasi, nhamba huru yemataundi asara ane vanhu vakasara chete. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, vagari vakawanda vakanga vasiri zvizvarwa zvemo, asi vatami vaibva kuRomania vaipinzwa mabasa ekurima.
Kubuda kubva kumaruwa eSpain kwakawedzera mushure mechirongwa cheGeneral Franco chekudzikamisa muna 1959. Huwandu hwevanhu hwakaderera zvakanyanya uye vanhu vakatamira kunzvimbo dzeindasitiri mumaguta makuru nemataundi ari mumahombekombe uko kushanya kwakange kwawanda. Zvimwe zvikonzero zvekutama kwevanhu vakawanda kwaive kusiiwa kwetsika dzekurima nevechidiki veko, sekupfuya makwai nembudzi, izvo zvaive musimboti wehupfumi hwemusha, uye shanduko yemararamiro yakapararira nemumaruwa eSpain muzana ramakore rechipiri.
fauna of
Kuwanda kwevanhu vakawanda kunofarira mhuka, ndosaka imwe yekupedzisira yeEuropean colonies yegriffin condors yakawanikwa muIberian system. Mhumhi nemakondo anowanikwawo mumakomo ari oga. Pakati pemhuka dzinoyamwisa, mbudzi yomumakomo, mhembwe, nguruve dzomusango, mbira dzokuEurope, jena rinozivikanwa, zvichingodaro, dzine nzvimbo dzakawanda dzokugara mumakomo ari matongo aya.
Zvipembenene zvinowanzoitika muIberia system Lepidoptera, Psammodromus algirus, Psammodromus hispanicus, Podarcis Muralis uye Podarcis hispánica, Chalcides chalcides, Chalcides bedriagai uye Anguis fragilis hazvinyanyi kuwanda. Nyoka dzemakomo aya ndiNatrix maura, Natrix natrix, Malpolon monspessulanus, Elaphe scalaris, Coronella girondica, Coronella austriaca uye Vipera latastei.
Mamwe maamphibians akawanda padyo nemadziva nehova mukati mehurongwa, seRana perezi, Bufo bufo, Bufo calamita, Alytes obstetricans, Triturus marmoratus uye Lissotriton helveticus, iyo yekupedzisira zvakare pakakwirira, mune inopindirana kana isingaperi miviri yemvura. Mamwe haasati awanikwa, akadai seHyla arborea neSalamandra salamandra, asi achiri kupararira, kunyanya munzvimbo dzakanyorova dzemasango. Nekudaro, Pleurodeles waltl haiwanzo kuwanikwa mumakomo. Zvipembenene zvemumvura, zvinosanganisira Austropotamobius pallipes, crayfish, nedzimwe hove dzakadai seSalaria fluviatilis neCobitis paludica, dzinowanikwa munzvimbo dzepamusoro dzerwizi rweSistema Ibérico. Mimwe nzizi dzomumakomo dzakasimwazve kuti dzive trout.
Munzvimbo yakaoma yemamwe misha muhurongwa, zvipfuyo zvechinyakare izvo zvaive zvakakosha pakati peIberian Peninsula zvichiri kurarama. Kwaivawo nevamwe vavhimi vaishanyira mamwe makomo, zvikuru ari pedyo neguta, kunyanya pakupera kwevhiki.
Zvirimwa zveIberian System
Machakwi haawanzo kuwanikwa muIberian Peninsula, asi machakwi akakwirira anoumba munzvimbo shoma dzeIberian system umo mvura inoramba yakamira, seBronzales, pedyo neOrihuela del Tremedal uye inozivikanwa seP.kana dunhu reFuente del Hierro, kureba kuri pakati pe1.400 ne1.550 metres. Miti inokura mumabhogi aya inonyanya kuve nemvere, Erectus vulgaris, Pinguicula vulgaris, Vaccinium myrtillus, Calluna vulgaris, uye Drosera rotundifolia, chirimwa chinodya chikafu chisingakure kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero kweEurope.
Cordilleras yeIberian System
Iyo Iberian system inosanganisira akati wandei makomo uye massifs:
- KuChamhembe: Sierra de la Demanda, Sierra de Neila, Mesa de Cebollera nePicos de Urbión, kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero, Sierra de Alcarama, Sierra de Peñalmonte, Sierra de Moncalvillo neMoncayo, iri yoga kuchamhembe, inogara iine nhonga dzechando munguva yechando, La Sierra. Nava Alta pamwe nekuwedzera kwayo kumabvazuva.
- Madokero: Makomo madiki uye akaoma padyo nenzvimbo yekuchinja yepakati system, seSierra de Perdices, Sierra Ministra, Sierra de Caldeeros (Águila 1.443 m), Sierra de Pardos, Sierra de Miñana, Sierra de Solorio, Sierra de Selas (Aragoncillo 1.517 m. ) uye Parameras de Molina (High Landmark 1.408 m).
- Central: Makomo akawanda ari pakati pehurongwa, akadai seSierra de la Virgen, Sierra de Vicort, Sierra de Algairén, Sierra de Santa Cruz, Sierra de Cucalón, Sierra de Herrera, Sierra de San Just, Sierra de Lidón uye Sierra Palomé Pull, etc.
- Southwest: Serranía de Cuenca, Sierra Menera, Sierra de Albarracín, Montes de Picaza (Colmenarejo 1426 m), Montes Universales uye Sierra de Mira.
- Maodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva: Sierra de Javalambre, Sierra del Toro, Sierra de Gúdar, Sierra de Mayabona, Sierra de Camarena, Sierra de Sollavientos, Sierra del Rayo neSierra de Pina.
- Iyi: seti yemakomo anopinda muGungwa reMedithera, pakati pavo pane Maestrat kana Maestrazgo uye Penyagolosa massifs, Sierra de la Lastra, Sierra de los Caballos, Sierra de Garrocha, Sierra de la Canada, Sierra Carrascosa, Ports de Morella, Serra de la Creu. . de la Vall d'Àngel, iyo Sierra de Cervera, iyo Serra de Sant Pere, iyo Serra Calderona uye mujinga meSerra d'Espadà kumagumo ekumabvazuva.
- Chamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva: inzvimbo yakaoma yemakomo yakabatana nemakomo ekare egungwa reCatalan, kusanganisira makomo eTortosa-Bercet neBenifasa.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezveIberian System uye maitiro ayo.