Isu tinoziva kuti munhu apfuura nemhando dzakasiyana siyana uye shanduko kusvika iye wazvino munhu. Yedu yazvino marudzi, iyo Homo sapiens, rinobva kune mamwe marudzi. Imwe yacho ndeye Homo erectus. Homo erectus murume wechinyakare aigara munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzepasi panguva yechikamu chePleistocene. Chimiro chekaresa chakawanikwa muDemanisi, Georgia, uye mazuva kusvika pamamirioni 1,8 emakore. Kuwanika kwekutanga kwemarudzi aya kwakaitika muna 1891 pachitsuwa cheAsia cheJava, iyo yava chikamu cheIndonesia.
Muchikamu chino tiri kuzokuudza zvese zvaunoda kuti uzive nezve iyo Homo erectus, hunhu hwayo uye nhoroondo yayo.
Kwakatangira Homo erectus
Uyu murume wechinyakare anga aripo panyika kwenguva yakareba. Pane maonero anopesana pazuva rekutsakatika kwaro. Vamwe vanodzidza nezvevanhu vanofunga kuti zvakaitika makore zviuru mazana matatu apfuura, nepo vamwe vachiti zvakaitika makore zviuru makumi manomwe zvakapfuura. Izvi zvave kutungamira dzimwe nyanzvi kutenda kuti anogara naye homo sapiens, asi ichi hachisi chinzvimbo chakajairika nhasi.
Kwakatangira Homo erectus zvine nharo zvakare. Nenzira iyi, mumwe munhu akaiisa muAfrica, kunyangwe vazhinji maanthropology vasingabvumirani uye vachidaidza iyo specimen inowanikwa imomo homo ergaster. Vatsigiri veichi chinzvimbo vanoti iyo Homo erectus Inowanikwa kuAsia.
Imwe yeakatanhamara hunhu hwemurume wepakutanga uyu kugona kwake, izvo zviri nani kupfuura zvemhando yapfuura. Chimwe chezvikonzero chikuru cheiyi shanduko yaive kuwanikwa kwekuti ungagadzirise sei moto, izvo zvakatungamira mukuvandudzwa kwehutano.
Homo erectus ndemumwe wemadzitateguru e Homo sapiens. Iyo nhanho yekushanduka kwevanhu umo iyo Homo erectus Iyo ndeimwe yematanho asingazivikanwe, saka dzidziso dzinoverengeka dzakasiyana dzinovapo. Naizvozvo, imwe yadzo yakadzokera kuAfrica makore emamirioni 1,8 apfuura.
Izvo zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti dzimwe nyanzvi dzakasimbisa kuti zvisaririra zvakawanikwa mukondinendi ndezveimwe mhando yakafanana, Ergaster. Wese munhu anobvumirana nenyaya yekuti nekuonekwa kwel Homo erectus, vanhu vekare vakave vatenderi uye vakasiya Africa.
Yekutanga kuwanikwa kwe Homo erectus yakaitika muEast Asia, asi zvisaririra zvakawanikwawo muEurasia. Munzvimbo dziri kure uko kunowanikwa zviwanikwa, kubudirira kwerudzi urwu kunogona kunyatso simbiswa. Izvi zvinogadzira mashoma mashoma panyama uye tsika kusiyana pakati pavo, nekuti ivo vanofanirwa kuchinjika kune akasiyana mamiriro enharaunda imwe neimwe. Semuenzaniso, mamiriro ekunze muEurope aitonhora panguva iyoyo uye dai kwaive kusiri kwekuwanikwa kwemoto, iri raizove dambudziko hombe.
Mhando huru
Nyanzvi dzese dzinobvumirana pamusoro pehunhu hwekutama kweiyo Homo erectus. Humbowo hwakawanikwa hunoratidza kuti yaive hominid yekutanga kusiya Africa. Kwemakore, yasvika kuSoutheast Asia.
Pfungwa yakakurumbira ndeyekuti iwe unogona kushandisa iyo bhiriji rechando rakaumbwa panguva yechando cherwendo urwu. Kuwedzera kwayo kwakaguma ichiri kuoneka muzvikamu zveIndonesia, China, Europe kana Central Asia.
Sezvo nezvose zvakasaririra, hazvisi nyore kuona mamiriro epanyama uye ehupenyu. Masayendisiti anotarisa akasiyana parameter kuti afungidzire, kunyanya kureba kana chimiro chedehenya. Semuenzaniso, mazino anopa ruzivo rwakakosha kwazvo nezve kudya uye dzimwe tsika dzakakosha.
Muchiitiko ichi, isu tinofanirwa kuwedzera huvepo hwespecies dzinoverengeka, dzine hunhu hwakasiyana zvishoma. Kune, zvakadaro, mamwe maficha eiyo Homo erectus izvo zvinoita kunge zvinogamuchirwa zvakanyanya.
Zvimiro zve Homo erectus
Zvishoma zvinozivikanwa nezveganda re Homo erectus. Sekuziva kwedu tese, ine gland gland, asi haina kuonda kana gobvu. Panyaya yemapfupa, chimiro chemapapiro e Homo erectus zvakafanana nezvaiitwa nevanhu mazuva ano. Zvisinei, yakakura uye yakasimba. Chimwe chinhu chakafanana chakaitika kumukadzi, uye sekuwanda kwezvakasara, zvaive nyore kudzidza. Pamusoro pehukuru hwayo hukuru, mamwe mamaki ekupinza kwemhasuru anoratidza kuti muviri wakasimba uye wakasimba.
El Homo erectus, sekureva kunoita zita, anofamba nemakumbo maviri, akafanana ne Homo sapiens. Pakutanga zvaifungidzirwa kuti huremu hwehurefu hwevanhurume hwaive hudiki kwazvo, anenge 1,67 metres. Zvakadaro, zvisaririra zvitsva zvachinja nzira iyi yekufunga. Ikozvino zvinofungidzirwa kuti munhu mukuru anokwanisa kusvika pakureba kwemamita 1,8, inova yakareba kupfuura hominin yapfuura.
Chin chin Homo erectus Iyewo akasimba kwazvo, kunyange asina chirebvu. Izvo zvekuti mazino madiki akakwezva kwakawanda kutarisisa. Paleontologists vakaona kuti sezvo muviri uchikura, saizi yedentition inoderera.
Saizvozvowo, tsandanyama dzeshaya dzinoita kunge dzave diki uye huro yakadzikira. Izvo zvinokwanisika kuti kuvepo kwemoto uye kutsva nyama yakabikwa zviri nyore kuburitsa chiitiko ichi. Dehenya re Homo erectus ine zvinhu zvitatu zvakasiyana. Yokutanga ndiyo yakatwasuka supraorbital bone, kunyange isina chimiro chakawanikwa kuGreece neFrance. Kune rimwe divi, ivo vane sagittal crest padehenya, iro rinowanzoitika pakati peAsia. Idzi ndidzo zvakare idzo dzine gobvu rakanyanya occipital overhangs.
Mutauro
Mumwe wemibvunzo yakamirira pane iyo Homo erectus ndezvekuti akamboshandisa mutauro panguva yekuvapo kwake. Imwe dzidziso pamusoro pemhando iyi inoratidza kuti ndivo vanhu vekutanga kuishandisa munharaunda yavakagadzira.
Zvakaoma kuziva kana dzidziso iyi iri yechokwadi nekudzidza zvisaririra. Kana biology ichiita kunge inotsigira ichi chokwadi, nekuti vane huropi uye nemuromo zvimiro zvekuita izvi.
Ongororo ichangoburwa naDaniel Everett, mukuru weKoreji yeUbudiriro neSainzi paBentley University muMassachusetts, yakasimbisa iyi fungidziro. Kubva pane zvavakawana, izwi rekutanga rakataurwa nevanhu vechinyakare rakataurwa nenhengo dzeIni Homo erectus.
Chikafu ndechimwe chezvinhu zvinonyanya kufadza pakutsvagisa kwe Homo erectus. Kunyanya zvakanyanya, mushure mekuona maitiro ekugadzirisa shanduko dzakaitika mushure memoto. Pakutanga yaive mhuka inotyisa, kuwana nyama yaishandisa zvisaririra zvezvitunha zvemhuka. Chii chimwe, Anounganidzawo miriwo nehuswa, achitsvaga chikafu chakazara sezvazvinogona.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve iyo Homo erectus uye hunhu hwavo.