Vazhinji vanoshamisika kuti chii chinonzi gomo repamusoro-soro muSpain. El Teide ndiyo nzvimbo yakakwirira kupfuura dzose muSpain. Inowanikwa muTenerife, nzvimbo yezvitsuwa zveCanary Islands. Ndiyo zvakare nzvimbo yepamusoro-soro panyika pakati peAtlantic Ocean uye yechitatu pakakwirira gomo rinoputika rakayerwa kubva pasi pegungwa regungwa. Iyo inoonekwa seimwe yeakanyanya kukwezva muSpain uye iri muTeide National Park, yakaziviswa World Heritage Site neUNESCO. MaAborigines enzvimbo iyi anoridaidza kuti Echeide kana kuti Echeyde, uye kwavari igomo rinoera.
Muchinyorwa chino tichakuudza zvese zvaunoda kuziva nezve gomo repamusoro-soro muSpain uye kwariri.
Gomo refu kwazvo reSpain
Kufanana neakawanda emakomo anoputika ane mukurumbira pasi rose, i stratovolcano kana composite volcano, iyo yakaunganidza pamusoro pemamiriyoni emakore eanoramba akaturikidzana ekuyerera kwelava nezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvakasimba. Chimiro chayo chose chiri muLas Cañadas, crater ine dhayamita yemakiromita gumi nemaviri kusvika makumi maviri. The altitude iri 3.715-3.718 metres uye kureba kwepasi pegungwa 7.500 metres.. Kutaura idi, Teide naPicoviejo pamwe chete vanoumba gomo rinoputika, boka rePicoviejo-Teide remakomo anoputika. Maumbirwo ese ari maviri anobva mukamuri imwechete magma, kunyangwe iwo anowanzo kutsanangurwa zvakasiyana.
Gomo reTeide rinorangarirwa kuva rinoshanda, kunyange zvazvo kuputika kwaro kwokupedzisira kwakavamba shure muna 1909. Muchando, pamusoro pegomo racho pakafukidzwa nesinou, zvichigovera nzvimbo inofadza nokuda kwemamiriyoni evashanyi vanouya kupaki yenyika.
Kuumbwa kwegomo repamusoro-soro muSpain
Tenerife chitsuwa chinoputika chinobuda mugungwa, saka hazvishamisi kuti kurerukirwa kwacho kunoratidzwa nemakomo nemakomo. Mukutanga kweMiocene-Pliocene, makomo matatu akaita senhovo akaonekwa kekutanga, Teno, Adeje uye Anaga massifs, ayo nhasi vanoumba yakawanda yenharaunda yeTenerife. Muchikamu chechipiri nechechitatu, mapoka matatu akavhiringidza kuputika kwawo, akateverwa nenguva itsva yekushanda kwegomo rinoputika, uye ipapo zvimwe zvivako zvakaumbwa.
Iyo yepakati crater volcano yakaumbwa muchikamu chechitatu uye yakashanduka muMiocene yose. Las Cañadas crater inogona kunge iri mhedzisiro yekuondomoka kwevhu kwakakura, kuputika kwakakura kunoenderera, kana musanganiswa wezviviri zvakaitika apo. gomo repakati rakadonha makore 160.000-220,00 apfuura. Gare gare, gomo rakaturikidzana reLas Cañadas II rakaumbwa, uye mushure mekudhirika kwacho rimwe gomo rakaturikidzana, Las Cañadas III, rakaonekwa.
Eruption
Harisi chete iro gomo repamusoro-soro muSpain, asi zvakare richiri kushanda uye rakave nekuputika kwakawanda. Maererano neSmithsonian Global Volcanic Activity Plan, 42 kuputika kwakaverengwa uye 3 haisati yasimbiswa. Kubva pakuumbwa kwayo, Pico del Teide nemapombi ayo akaburitsa zvinhu zvakawanda zvepyroclastic, asi kekutanga kuputika kwakaitika muna 1492 nekuti Tenerife yakanga isingagarwi kwenguva yakareba.
Kuputika kwekupedzisira pamusoro pegomo kwakaitika makore akapoteredza 850 AD Sezvineiwo, hapana vanhu varipo saka haina njodzi se Vesuvius, Merapi kana Popocatepetl. Zvisinei, munharaunda yemakiromita 100, kune vanhu vanopfuura 766.000.
Geology
Kune vanhu vepakutanga venzvimbo idzi, maGuanches, gomo reTeide raionekwa segomo rinoyera. Nhasi, ndiro rimwe remakomo anoputika anozivikanwa zvikuru pasi rose. Iri i stratovolcano kana kuti composite volcano. Ndiko kuti, yakaumbwa pamusoro pemamiriyoni emakore nekuda kwekuunganidzwa kwezvikamu zvakatevedzana zvemabota anoyerera. Uye kuti bota rinoungana uye kutonhora sezvarinoyerera nemunzvimbo dzakatenuka. Haisi chete lava inounganidza, asiwo zvinhu zvakasimba. Zvese izvi zvinoita kuti chimiro chakamisikidzwa chitore chimiro kudzamara gomo rave munzvimbo yaro.
Chimiro chese cheTeide chiri muCanada. Las Cañadas igomba rinoputika rine dhayamita iri pakati pe12 ne20 makiromita. Hurefu hwese hweTeide hunosvika 3.718 metres. Kana tikainyora sechikonzero chekusaenzana pasi pegungwa, tinogona kuona kuti kune kukwirira kwemamita 7.500.
Gomo reTeide negomo rinoputika rePicoviejo pamwe chete zvinoumba gomo repamusoro-soro. Iri iboka remakomo anoputika. Dzese dzakaumbwa mukamuri imwe chete yemagma. Kazhinji kana uchitsanangura makomo maviri anoputika, anoitwa akaparadzana. Pakati pezviviri izvi, Gomo reTeide rinoonekwa serinonyanya kushanda. Kuputika kwekupedzisira kunyorwa kwaiva muna 1909. Kunyangwe zvichiita sekunge makore anopfuura zana apfuura, inoonekwa segomo rinoputika pane geological time scale.
Pakati pemwedzi yechando tinogona kuona kuti sinou inogadzikana sei pamusangano uye inopa nzvimbo inokwezva yemamiriyoni evashanyi kuNational Park. Izvi zvinoita kuti Tenerife ive yakakosha nzvimbo yekushanya nguva dzese dzegore.
Curiosities yegomo refu muSpain
Tiri kuzokuudza zvimwe zvekuda kuziva zvegomo repamusoro-soro muSpain zvaungasaziva:
- Kune anopfuura 1,000 nzvimbo dzekuchera matongo muNational Park. Aya madhiri akadzokera kunguva yekuratidzwa kwemotokari, achiburitsa ruzivo rwemhando zhinji dzehupenyu hwaivepo panguva iyoyo.
- Hwaro hwakagadzirwa mumakore 40.000 XNUMX. Kunyangwe iyi nguva ingaite senge yakareba, inguva ipfupi kubva pakuona kwe geological. Nokudaro, zvinogona kutaurwa kuti mhepo igomo rechidiki.
- Nyika yakatenderedza gomo regomo rinoputika ndiyo ivhu rakaorera zvikuru panyika. Izvi imhaka yokuti dota rinoputika rinopa zvokudya zvakawanda muvhu.
- Kuputika kwegomo iri hakuna kumbobvira kwanyora vanhu vakaurayiwa. Izvi zvinoita kuti zvive zvakachengeteka chaizvo kugara muTenerife.
- Kuenzaniswa nemamwe makomo, chimiro chegomo rinoputika iri hachiwanzoitiki.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezvegomo repamusoro muSpain uye maitiro aro.