Pakati pemasayendisiti akakura akavandudza nhoroondo yesainzi pane mumwe wavo ane rukudzo rwose sezvo ari mumwe wevanonyanya kuratidza nguva dzese. Tiri kutaura nezvazvo Georges cuvier. Iye ndiye musayendisiti uyo akapa zita rayo kune paleontology uye yekufananidza anatomy. Kuita kwake kwakaziviswa zvakanyanya munyika yesainzi uye kwakafambira mberi munzvimbo zhinji kubva panguva yekutanga kwayo kusvika zvino.
Muchikamu chino tichaenda kukuudza zvese zvakapusa uye biography yaGeorges Cuvier
Kutanga kwaGeorges Cuvier
Kufanana nemasayendisiti ese, murume uyu aive nemavambo ake ekutanga. Zita rake rakazara ndiye Georges Leopold Chrétien Frederic Dagobert, Baron de Cuvier, uye akazvarwa mutaundi reMontbéliard, muFrance, musi waAugust 23, 1769. Kubva achiri mudiki kwazvo akaratidza kufarira kukuru nyika yezvisikwa uye nepfungwa dzakakomborerwa. Isu tatoziva kuti kana tikazvipira isu kune chimwe chinhu chatinonyatsoda uye chatinoda, tinokwanisa kuwana kudzoka kukuru uye zviwanikwa zvese pachedu uye nerubatsiro rwevamwe.
Uyu murume aifarira zvehunhu uye akawedzera kune yake yakasarudzika njere. Nechikonzero ichi, mukati memakore akasimuka neChimurenga cheFrance, Georges Cuvier akazvipira mukudzidza kwese kwese mamollusks kuitira kuti awedzere ruzivo rwaaida nezve nhoroondo yezvakasikwa uye enzaniso yekufananidza. Haana kumira akanyarara pamberi pedzidziso yakawanda asi aida kushandisa tsika yacho nekukurumidza sezvazvinogona. Neiyi nzira, uye nechishuwo chikuru chezvaakaita, muna 1795 akakwanisa kuwana basa pa Museum of Natural History muParis.
Izvi zvaireva nhanho huru kumurume uyu sezvo kuzivikanwa kwake kwakaita kuti azotumidzwa zita gare gare saPermanent Secretary weFizikiki uye Natural Sayenzi yeNational Institute. Mune ino miziyamu akakwanisa kudzidza zvakadzama kuenzanisa anatomi yezvinhu zvipenyu zvakasiyana. Kuti aite izvi, aifanirwa kubvarura zviuru nezviuru zvemhuka panguva imwechete yaakaongorora mafupa ese kuitira kuti awane mhinduro pamusoro pekushanduka-shanduka uye hukama huripo pakati pezvisikwa izvo sainzi isati yaziva kusvika zvino.
Tinofanira kurangarira kuti nzira yesainzi munguva dzino yanga yakasiana kwazvo kubva nhasi. Nhasi tine dhatabhesi hombe rine ruzivo rwakakosha uye rwakadzama pamazana nemazana ezviuru emhuka nezvirimwa. Kana zvasvika pakudzidza nezve chimwe chinhu, isu tine iyo nzvimbo yekuti isu tatova nenheyo dzakavakirwa. Georges Cuvier's feat yaive yakakosha zvakanyanya sezvaaifanira kuita imwe neumwe inofanirwa kubvarura mhuka dzese idzi kuti dzidzidze hunhu hwadzo kubva pakutanga.
Kupatsanurwa kwehumambo hwemhuka maererano naGeorges Cuvier
Dzidzo dzese dzakaitwa naGeorges Cuvier mukati meFrance Revolution dzakamubvumidza iye kuti akwanise kupatsanura humambo hwemhuka nekukudza uye kugadzirisa iyo Linnaean system. Ruzivo rwunowanikwa uye rwakaverengerwa muzvidzidzo zvavo rwunogona kutyora neyaimbova pfungwa yekuti mhuka dzaive chikamu chetambo inoenderera. Iyi tambo inoramba ichienderera mberi kubva kumhuka dzakareruka kusvika kuvanhu, yekupedzisira ndiyo yakaoma kunzwisisa.
Uyu musayendisiti akaronga hushe hwemhuka zvinoenderana nezvaakaona mune yake yekuenzanisa mamiriro uye morphological zvidzidzo. Nenzira iyi, akapatsanura humambo hwemhuka kuita mhando ina dzakasiyana: dzakapenya, dzakataurwa, mollusks nema vertebrate. Idzi nzira dzekutanga ndidzo dzakaita musiyano mune zvinosvika pakuve kusimukira kwesainzi. Icho chaive chirevo chekuti zvikamu zvemuviri wemhuka zvakabatana kune chimwe chichiumba chakabatana chakazara.
Kunyangwe izvi zvichiita sezvine musoro nhasi, Georges Cuvier ndiye wekutanga kugona kusimudza nekuitsanangura nesainzi. Ndiyo pfungwa iyi kana iyo inobatsira kupa hwaro hwekutsvagurudza kwakatevera kwaDarwinian kufungisisa zvirinani shanduko yenyika irarama.
Muvambi we paleontology
Sezvatakambotaura, Georges Cuvier ndiye aive baba wekutanga we paleontology. Uye ndeyekuti yakaita chinzvimbo chakakosha mukusimudzira kwesainzi iyi nekutenda kumisimboti yayo nezve kuwirirana kuripo pakati pechimiro uye mashandiro muatomu yemhuka. Iye aikwanisa kuvakazve maronda akazara ezvipfuyo zvishuwo achida kuti dai asina zvese zvidimbu zvacho. Izvi zvine hunhu hwakakura panguva iyo yawakawanikwa kubvira, sezvatambotaura, panguva ino pakanga pasina dhatabhesi dzezvinhu zvipenyu.
Akanga ari mutariri wekuongorora zvisaririra zvakawanda uye zvakashanda kuratidza pasi rose kuti pasi redu rakagarwa nemhuka dzakasiyana siyana kwemazana emakore. Izvi zvakaratidza chiitiko chakakosha pabasa rake uye chakaitika muna 1812. Mugore rino, akaendesa kunharaunda yesainzi zvisaririra zvemhuka inofamba ichibhururuka, chimwe chinhu chaisazomboonekwa zvachose. Icho chinokambaira chiri Ndinoidaidza kuti Pterodactylus uye ndeimwe yeanonyanya kuzivikanwa mhuka dzinokambaira dzenyika. Yakawedzerwa kune iyi feat ndiyo yapfuura mharidzo yemafossilized skeleton enzou, izvozvi zvatsakatika, izvo zvashanda zvekuti nhasi Georges Cuvier anoonekwa seye baba wekutanga we paleontology.
Kunyangwe zvaakawana pamwe nekushandisa, aive asiri mutsigiri wemhindumupindu. Pakati pedzidziso dzake akagovana nezvenjodzi. Iyi dzidziso inokarakadza kuti kutsakatika kwega kwega kwave kuchikonzerwa nenjodzi yepasirese yakateverwa nemaitiro ekugadzira mhuka nyowani papasi.
Yese mipiro yakaitwa nasayendisiti iyi yakaita kuti aonekwe seimwe yeakakurumbira panguva yake. Akagamuchira kushongedzwa kwakawanda uye kubvumidzwa kubva kune vesainzi uye vezvematongerwo enyika venguva yake. Akafa musi waMay 13, 1832 muParis kubva kukorera. Zita rake rakanyorwa pamwechete nemamwe masayendisiti makuru enguva paEiffel Tower.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve musayendisiti Georges Cuvier.