El Yufratesi ndirwo rwizi rwakareba zvikurusa muSouthwest Asia, uye naizvozvo refu kupfuura Tigris. Yufratesi ndirwo rwizi rwakareba muSouthwest Asia, uye saka rwakareba kupfuura Tigris. Mvura yaro yakachena inodiwa pakunwa, kugeza, kubika uye zvimwe zviitiko zvakakosha, uye zvakare itsime rehove.
Muchikamu chino tichakuudza zvese zvaunoda kuziva nezveRwizi rwaYufratesi, maitiro uye kukosha kwaro.
Mhando huru
Yufratesi ndirwo rwizi rwakareba muSouthwest Asia, uye saka rwakareba kupfuura Tigris. Inofungidzirwa kunge yakareba makiromita e2.800, kubva pakuzvarwa kwayo muTurkey kusvika pakupedzwa kwayo muIraq, ichipfuura nemumativi eSyria. Yayo hydrological basin ine fungidziro yekuwedzera ye500.000 km2, inofukidza nyika nhatu pamwe nenzvimbo dzeKuwait neSaudi Arabia. Kwaro haisi dziva kana chando, asi kusangana kweRwizi rweKarasu neRwizi rwaMurat pakakwirira kupfuura 3.000 metres.
Rwizi rwunoenda kumaodzanyemba-maodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva kuIraq, kuchamhembe kweBasra, uko rwunobatana neTigris kuumba Shatt al-Arab, iyo inozopedzisira yapinda muPersian Gulf. Nzizi shoma dzinoidya; muSyria, maSajur, Balikh, neJabur chete ndiwo mitero, iyo yekupedzisira ndiyo inonyanya kukosha pakupa kubuda kwakanyanya kwemvura. Pane imwe nguva muIraq, Euphrates haina mamwe matunhu.
Rwizi urwu runonyanya kudyiswa nemvura inonaya uye kunyunguduka kwechando, kuwedzera kune nzizi dzambotaurwa uye dzimwe nzizi duku. Kuyerera kwemvura zhinji kunobva mukunaya kwemvura muArmenian Highlands, ine huwandu hukuru hunowanzo kuitika pakati paApril naMay. Avhareji yekutama ndeye 356 m3 / s uye iyo yakawanda ndeye 2514 m3 / s.
Kuumbwa kweYufratesi
Kwakabva rwizi rwaYufratesi hakuzivikanwi. Yatova muCretaceous, kuora mwoyo kunonzi structural trench kwakaumbwa apo mvura yaizogara uye madonhwe aizoiswa muzvikamu zvakatevedzana. Munguva yekutanga kweMiocene, karwizi kadiki kakabatanidza proto-Medithera nemabheseni enyanza edunhu reMesopotamian kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero kweSyria nenzvimbo dziri pedyo neTurkey yemazuva ano.
Munhau yose yave ichizivikanwa sendarama yebhuruu uye yave iri manyuko oupenyu kwezviuru zvamakore. Kumucheto kwaro kwaiva nebudiriro idzo vashoma vanorangarira nhasi. Kubva pakuzvarwa kwake muTurkey. uwandu hwerwizi hwakaderera gore negore.
Pamwe chete nemutero wayo mukuru, Rwizi rweJabr, yanga iri nzvimbo yemaguta eMuslim, Christian, Kurdish, Turkmen, uye Judeo-Arab. Munzvimbo iyi ndipo panowanikwa data rekare rebudiriro.
Miti nemhuka dzeRwizi rwaYufratesi
Yufratesi, kufanana neTigris, imvura inokosha nokuti inoyerera nepakati penzvimbo huru yakaoma. Nekudaro, nekuda kwemvura uye pesvedzero yadzo munzvimbo dzepakati dzenzizi, nzvimbo yakaorera yakaumbwa iyo iri chikamu chenhoroondo inozivikanwa se "Fertile Crescent", ine chimiro cheCrescent chinobva kuTigris-Euphrates kuenda kuNzvimbo dzeNairi. muEgipita, nomuAsiria uye kuchamhembe kusvikira kurenje reSiria uye peninsula yeSinai.
Kubatsira kwemvura kunobvumira kurarama kwezvirimwa nemhuka dzakawanda, zvimwe zvacho zvakasiyana. Somuenzaniso, kamba yeYufratesi inongogara mugomba reTigris-Yufratesi nedzimwe nzizi shomanana dziri kuMiddle East; haina bhoni ndiro dzinowanzoomesa mateko ekamba. Hove dzinonyanya kuwanikwa mumvura ndeye carp, inozivikanwawo secarps, yakadai seTenuolaaosa ilisha, Acanthobrama marmid, Alburnus caeruleus, Aspius vorax, Luciobarbus eocinus, Alburnus sellal, Barbus grypus, uye Barbus sharpeyi, uye mamwe marudzi taxa. Mienzaniso inosanganisira Glyptothorax cous, Nemacheilus hamwii, uye Turcinoemacheilus kosswigi. Melanopsis nodosa molluscs inogona kunge yakapararira muIraq.
Bheseni racho ndimo mune shiri dzemumvura uye dzisiri dzemumvura, mhuka dzinoyamwisa, tumbuyu, uye mhuka dzinorarama mumvura.. Basra warbler, Iraqi otter, pygmy cormorant, gosling, Mesopotamian gerbil uye European otter inomira.
Mumabheseni akawanda epamusoro, makwenzi emiti inonzi xeric nemamwe marudzi emiti, akadai semiouki, anokura, asi pedyo nemuganhu weSyria neIraq, nzvimbo yacho inochinja kuva nzvimbo ine uswa, inoumbwa nezvinomera zvakaderera uye makwenzi, zvakadai sesage nouswa. Shrubs, rushes uye mamwe marudzi emiti yemvura inokura pamahombekombe.
Kukosha kwehupfumi hweRwizi rwaYufratesi
Yufratesi yaive, uye ichiripo, imwe yenzvimbo huru dzemataundi mazhinji ekuMiddle East. Mvura yaro inopinza ivhu riri pedyo pakurima, ichipa chikafu, kunyanya zviyo zvakaita segorosi nebhari, nemiti yakaita semionde. Mvura yakachena inodiwa pakunwa, kugeza, kubika, nezvimwe zvinhu zvinokosha, uyewo itsime rehove. Nokuda kwezvikonzero zvose izvi, rwizi rwakashandiswa senzira yekutengeserana kubva kare, kunyange zvazvo mvura yaro isingakodzeri zvikepe zvikuru. Parizvino inofambika kuenda kuguta reHit, Iraq.
Kuvakwa kwemiti yemagetsi emvura chinhu chakakosha zvikuru muhupfumi hwenharaunda, sezvo inobatsira kupa magetsi kumaguta eIraq, Syria neTurkey. Kazhinji, chikamu chinodarika makumi manomwe kubva muzana chemvura iri murwizi rwaYufratesi inoshandiswa kugadzira magetsi; kudiridza zvirimwa uye kupa mvura yekunwa.
Zvinotyisa
Madhamu akawanda nemadiridziro ari pedyo nerwizi, kunyanya kumusoro kwerwizi, zvakonzera shanduko mukuyerera, uye kuri kutyirwa kuti mvura ichapera nguva refu isati yasvika kuIraq. Kune kukakavara pamusoro pekodzero dzemvura pakati peTurkey, Syria neIraq, uye kusanaya kwemvura kuri kuwedzera, kunyanya muzvikamu zvekupedzisira zverwizi. Uyezve, machakwi nemachakwi ari padyo neBasra zvakaparadzwa kubva kuma1990, apo Saddam Hussein aitonga panguva iyoyo. akavabvumira kuti vatore mvura kuti vamanikidze maArabu mazhinji kubva munzvimbo iyi.
Kusvibiswa kwenzizi nderimwe dambudziko. Kubuda kwemvura yetsvina kubva mukurima, indasitiri, uye dzimba kunokanganisa kunaka kwemvura, uye salinity munzizi dzeIraqi inowedzera sezvo rwizi rwunoyerera ruchidzika.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezveRwizi rwaYufratesi uye maitiro aro.