Chiyero cheBeaufort, chinonzi zvakare, Beaufort chiyero chesimba remhepo, iri empirical chiyero. Inoenderana nemamiriro egungwa, maererano nekureba kwemafungu ayo uye nesimba remhepo. Chikonzero icho chine simba, kubva pane zvakaitika, ndechekuti haina kutanga yavimba nekumhanya kwemhepo. Asi, zvinotsanangurwa pachiyero che0 kusvika 12. Chiyero chacho chaive chakanangana nenzira yakaoma nematambudziko echikepe, kunyangwe parizvino iine zvimwe zvinoshandiswa. Iyo yakadzikira kukosha, iko kunetsekana mukufamba kwekufambisa. Uye iyo yepamusoro, inowedzera kuomarara.
Zita rayo rinobva kune muvambi waro, Sir Francis Beaufort. Aive mukuru wemauto eIrish uye hydrographer. Gore ra1800 risati rasvika, apo maofficial mahofisi pavakaona nezve mamiriro ekunze uye kuzvimba, zvakazoita sekunge zvine musoro. Sezvo pasina chinangwa chekuyera kusimba kwenzvimbo yegungwa, ndipo pakazouya Beaufort nechiyero ichi, uye kukwanisa kudoma nekumisikidza simba rainofanira kuyerwa naro mamiriro egungwa.
Nhoroondo yechiyero cheBeaufort
Sezvo isu tataura, mavambo ayo anotangira kumashure kwezana remakore regumi nemapfumbamwe. Yakanga isiri kusvika mukupera kwema1830 kupfuura chiyero cheBeaufort yakave chiyero chakaenzana pamatanda engarava yeBritish Navy.
Chimwe chinhu chakagadzira chiyero uye chakachisiyanisa kuti chisazowira muzvinhu zvaive kumiririrwa kweumwe neumwe. Nhamba yega yega mairi yaimiririra hunhu hwekuti ngarava yaigona sei kurarama mune yega yega.
Kutanga muna 1850, yakashandurwa kwete chete kushandiswa kwemvura. Pamwe pamwe nekutenderera kweanemometer kuyera kumhanya kwemhepo, izvi zviyero zvakatamisirwa zvine chekuita nezve izvo zvakatsanangurwa pachiyero. Muna 1906, wezvemamiriro ekunze George Simpson, ini ndakawedzerawo tsananguro yemhedzisiro yayo pasi. Yakafarirwa neimwe nzira nekusvika kweinjini dzemhepo.
Yakanga yakamisikidzwa zvizere muna 1923. Makumi emakore gare gare yakazoshandurwa, sekubatanidzwa kwemadutu maererano nekuwanda kwawo kubva pa12 kusvika pa16. Dutu rechikamu chekutanga, pachiyero cheBeaufort rinoenderana ne1, chikamu chechipiri chiri 12 pachikero cheBeaufort, zvichingodaro zvichiteedzana.
Iwo marongero ezinga uye zvainoita panyika uye mugungwa
Dhirowa inomiririra mhedzisiro yenhamba yega yega pachiyero
Zvino iro odhi kubva padanho repasi kusvika padanho repamusoro, kusvika panhamba gumi nembiri, nekuti kubva ipapo tinotanga kutaura nezve madutu. Mhepo inomhanya inomiririrwa mu km / h, uye nautical mapfundo mu nautical mamaira / h.
| Chiyero | Simba | Kumhanya kwemhepo | Mafundo | Kuonekwa kwegungwa | Migumisiro Pasi Pano |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | Calma | 0 kusvika 1 XNUMX | zvisingasviki 1 | Kudzikama | Kudzikama kwakazara, hapana muti unosiya mashizha, utsi hunokwira hwakatwasuka |
| 1 | Chiedza mhepo (mhepo) | 2 a 5 | 1 a 3 | Mafungu madiki, hapana furo inogadzirwa | kufamba kushoma kwemashizha, utsi hunoratidza kwainotungamira mhepo |
| 2 | Chiedza Breeze (isina kusimba) | 6 a 11 | 4 a 6 | mafungu anogadzira zvishoma zvishoma, asi asina kutyora | Mashizha emuti anogona kudonha, zvigayo zviri muminda zvinotanga kufamba |
| 3 | Mhepo ine runyararo (yakasununguka) | 12 a 19 | 7 a 10 | Mafungu madiki uye mabara ari kutotyoka | Mashizha anopepereka, mireza wave |
| 4 | Mhepo ine mwero (yakapfava) | 12 a 19 | 11 a 16 | marefu mafungu ane makomo, akawanda makwayana | mireza yakazara zvizere. Kupfava kwekufamba kwematavi emiti uye kuzunza misoro yavo |
| 5 | Mhepo ine mwero (inotonhorera) | 29 a 38 | 17 a 21 | Pakati nepakati uye zvine mwero mafungu marefu. Makwai akawanda kwazvo | Kumeso kwemakungwa anotsemuka, kufamba kushoma kwemiti. Mireza yakapararira uye ichizunza |
| 6 | Mhepo ine simba (inotonhorera) | 39 a 49 | 22 a 27 | Makuru mafungu anotanga kuumbika, nekutyora zvitunha nefuro | kufambisa nekukurumidza kwematavi emiti. Tingawana zvakaoma kuchengeta amburera yakavhurika |
| 7 | Mhepo ine simba (nyowani) | 50 a 61 | 28 a 33 | Rinorema gungwa, rakasviba, rine furo rinotakurwa kwakananga mhepo | Miti mikuru inozununguka uye inodzedzereka, kunetsekana nekufamba uchipesana nemhepo |
| 8 | Mhepo yakaoma (kwenguva pfupi) | 62 a 74 | 34 a 40 | Mafungu makuru ekupwanya, furo pamusoro | Mapazi uye misoro yemiti yakaputswa, kufamba kwakaoma, mota dzakareruka dzinogona kufamba dzoga |
| 9 | Mhepo yakasimba kwazvo (dutu rine simba) | 75 a 88 | 41 a 47 | Makuru makuru uye anopwanya mafungu, zvakaoma kuona | Matavi emiti anovatyora, matenga ekuvaka asina kusimba anogona kupunzika. Mota dzinogona kudhonzwa uye hazvigoneke kufamba zvakajairika |
| 10 | Zvenguva yakaoma (zvenguva pfupi) | 89 a 102 | 48 a 55 | Kumusoro kwegungwa kwatova kuchena. Iko kuzvimba kwakakora kwazvo. | Miti yakadzurwa, kukuvara kwezvivakwa, nekukuvara kwakanyanya kuzvinhu zviri pachena. |
| 11 | Dutu rakaomarara kwazvo (squall) | 103 a 117 | 56 a 63 | Anoshamisa mafungu makuru, chena chena gungwa, anenge zero kuoneka | Kukuvadza kwese kwese, kunaya kwakanyanya, mafashama makuru. Vanhu nezvimwe zvinhu zvakawanda zvinogona kupeperetswa nemhepo. |
| 12 | Hurricane dutu (Hurricane) | + 118 | + 64 | Anoshamisa mafungu makuru, zero zvachose kuoneka. | Vanhu vanogona kuputika, mota, miti, dzimba dzisina kusimba, matenga. |
(Kubva panhamba yegumi nembiri chamupupuri kana chamupupuri chinogona kutanga, chikero chichaenderera mberi nezvikamu zvemadutu. Kunyange hazvo chakasanganiswa nechikero cheBeaufort, vangave veimwe sangano. Chiyero cheBeaufort chakafungidzirwa pamusoro pezvose kuti chikwanise tsanangura mamiriro egungwa nezvikepe)
