Imwe yenzvimbo dzinozivikanwa dzemakomo pane peninsula yeItaly ndiyo Cordillera de los Apennines. Iyo inokwereta mukurumbira wayo kuve chikamu chemuviri wemuzongoza wepeninsula iyi. Iyo gomo gadziriro yemakiromita angangoita chiuru nemazana mana pakureba uye hupamhi hunosiyana pakati pemakiromita makumi mana nemazana maviri. Iine hupfumi hwakawanda hwehupenyu uye dzakasiyana siyana maruva nemhuka zvinoita kuti ive nharaunda nharaunda inokodzera kushanyirwa.
Muchikamu chino tichaenda kutaura nezve hunhu, geology, maruva uye mhuka dzeApennines.
Mhando huru
Iyi gomo system inodarika kubva kuCadibona pass, iri kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero, kuenda kuEgadi Islands, iri kuchamhembe kweSicily. Iyo ine 2.914 mita yepamusoro yepamusoro inozivikanwa seCorno Grande. Kana tikazviongorora kubva kumagariro, maApennines chikamu chemakomo anozivikanwa seAtlases, anotanga kubva kuchamhembe kweAfrica opfuura nemuDinaric Alps, achidarika nemudunhu reBalkan.
Mhando yaro ye geological inoshamisa. Kune rimwe divi, tinowana matombo ejecha uye mamaki munzvimbo yekuchamhembe, muLiguria. Kumaodzanyemba kwepeninsula uye muSicily tinogona kuwana mahombekombe akakura edombo rine calcareous ayo akapatsanurwa nenzvimbo dzakaderera dzine shavi nematombo ejecha.
Icho chimiro chechidiki chine shanduko isati yapera. Ndizvo here isu tinokwanisa kuwana akakwirira kwazvo makomo ayo asati akanganiswa nekukurwa nekufamba kwenguva. Pamusoro pezvo, vane zvikanganiso zvakawanda munzvimbo dzakasiyana izvo zviri kukonzera kuti nzvimbo dziri pedyo dzive nekukanganiswa nezviitiko zvekudengenyeka kwenyika uye nekushanduka kwemakomo. Kunyangwe iri gomo diki, iri pasi pesimba rekukurwa nemhepo nemvura. Mhenderekedzo yegungwa inosvika kumakomo ichideredza huremu hwemahombekombe uye ichikonzera dombo dete bhendi.
Mamiriro ekunze uye nharaunda yeApennines
Hurefu hwese hwenzvimbo yemakomo hune mamiriro ekunze eMediterranean uye nekudaro tinowana huswa hwekumaodzanyemba hwakaumbwa kunyanya neminda yemizambiringa, minda yemiorivhi nemiti yemicrus. Chinoita kuti gomo iri rishanyirwe nevashanyi nderekuti yakawanda yenharaunda yaro iri musango isina kurima. Calcareous phenomena yakawanda munzvimbo idzi. Aya matombo ane calcareous anouya kunyanya kubva kusekondari uye tertiary.
Ndiyo nzvimbo ine hurombo uye isina vanhu vazhinji muItari yekuve nharaunda yakasikwa. Huwandu hwevanhu uye vanoenda kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzine hupfumi. Kunyangwe iyo yakanyanya mamiriro ekunze iri Mediterranean, nekuda kwekukwira, tembiricha yakadzika uye mwando wakanyanya unowanzo kuwanda mukati megore. Munguva dzekare, maApennines akafukidzwa nemiti yebeech uye chestnut. Masango anga achinyangarika zvishoma nezvishoma nekuda kwekuwandisa. Mapoka akawandisa emakwai nembudzi anga achibvisa uye achisiya kugara kwenzvimbo idzi.
Dai nhasi, vanhu venyika vachiri kuita transhumance. Mombe dzinofura mumakomo munguva yezhizha uye munguva yechando dzinotambanukira kumapani emahombekombe uko tembiricha dzinonyanya kunakidza. Mhumhi, bere, makava uye chamois zvave zvichitsakatika zvishoma nezvishoma nekuda kwekuita kwevanhu.
Apennine Chikamu
Unogona kutaura izvozvo iyo Apennines yakakamurwa kubva kuchamhembe kusvika kumaodzanyemba kuita zvikamu zvina. Zvidimbu zvevhu zvinokonzeresa kukukurwa kwevhu kana mwaka wemvura wasvika. Kudengenyeka kwenyika uku kunowanzo tyisidzira misha inowanikwa munzvimbo dziri pedyo. Pane dzimwe nguva, yakaparadzwa uye yakakonzera kukuvara kwakawanda munzvimbo dzinogarwa nekuda kwekukoromoka kwenyika.
Kana zviri zvemamineral zvinhu, isu hatiwane hupfumi hwakawanda. Asi isu tinogona kuona akawanda mapirita, mhangura ores, bauxite, uye mercury. Mercury inowanikwa muhuwandu hwakawanda uye, nekudaro, Italy ndiyo nyika inotungamira inogadzira mercury.
Izvi zvinhu zvinogona kuwanikwa kunyanya pakati peninsula. Sicily, kune rumwe rutivi, yakapfuma nesarufa. Kunyangwe tikatanga kuverenga, hupfumi hukuru hweApennines isimba re hydraulic. Nekuda kwesimba remvura yakakwira, huwandu hwesimba rinowedzerwazve hunogona kutorwa. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti iyo nhanho nenzvimbo zvakaomarara, kunyanya mudunhu reNaples.
Munharaunda yeLiguria zvakabatana kumadokero kweAlps. Chikamu chepamusoro chinowirirana neTuscan-Emilian massif kwatinogona kuwana makomo anodarika hurefu hwemamita zviuru zviviri pamusoro pegungwa. Iyo yepamusoro yepamusoro muNorth Apennines ndiro Gomo reCimone rine 2.165 metres kumusoro.
Munzvimbo yakatambanuka kwazvo yemakomo kune mipata midiki yakawanda uye makomo makomo senge makomo eAbruzzo, makomo eSIbilinos kana Gran Sasso, iyo massif panokwira Corno Grande (2.194 m), iyo yepamusoro nzvimbo yeApennines . Muchikamu chekumaodzanyemba, nzvimbo yemakomo inoumba mhando ye arc inotendeukira kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero. Iyi nharaunda ndiyo inomira kuve nemakomo makuru anoputika seVesuvius. Aya makomo anopararirawo chisakiso chekumwe kudengenyeka kwenyika chiitiko.
Hydrology, maruva nemhuka
Sezvatakambotaura, hydrology yakakosha kwazvo mugomo iri. Inotaridza kuve nenzizi dzine makosi akapfupika. Nzizi dzakakosha zvikuru ndiyo Tiber inopfuura ichibva munzvimbo yepakati uye inodira muGungwa reTyrrhenian. Yakareba makiromita makumi mana nemakumi mashanu, idiki kwazvo rwizi. Rumwe rwizi rwakakosha iArno, ine hurefu hwe405 km, iyo inotangira kubva kumadokero muTuscan massif, inodarika neFlorence uye inodira muGungwa reLugurian.
Kunyangwe paine chokwadi chekuti nzizi dzine kuwanda kudiki, iko kuita kwemvura ndicho chimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha zvakanyanya mumakomo aya. Kana iri maruva, kune mhando dzeMediterranean-mhando dzinosiyana zvichienderana nehurefu uye latitude. In kuchamhembe tinowana oak, chestnut, beech uye pine miti mune yakawanda kwazvo. Ku maodzanyemba tinowana mamwe makwenzi senge iwo iwo mastic, oleanders nemura.
Kune rimwe divi, iyo mhuka inonyatso chengetedzwa nekuda kwekuvapo kwemapaki emunyika nenzvimbo dzakachengetedzwa. Pakati peanonyanya kuratidza marudzi atinawo bere rakasvibirira, italic wolf, the lynx uye gondo regoridhe.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve Apennines.