Nyika dzeAmerica ndiyo yechipiri pakukura pamakondinendi mashanu ePasi uye, nekuda kwehukuru hwayo, yakakamurwa kuita matunhu matatu: North America, Central America, uye South America. Inoganhurwa negungwa chete. Iye American continent Iyo ine akawanda marudzi echisikigo ecosystems uye yakasarudzika geological uye geographic maficha.
Muchikamu chino tichakuudza zvese zvaunoda kuziva nezvekondinendi yeAmerica, nhoroondo yayo, kuwanikwa, geology, geography, flora, fauna nezvimwe zvakawanda.
Discovery
Muna 1492, vaEurope vakawana iyi kondinendi, nokuda kwomuGenoese Christopher Columbus, uyo akatanga kufamba nechikepe achibva pachiteshi chengarava chePalos (Spain). mumakaravhani matatu ndokufamba nechikepe kwemazuva 71 vasati vaona nyika yacho. Zvisinei, Columbus akafa achifunga kuti akanga afamba nyika uye akasvika munzvimbo isingazivikanwi kubva kumhenderekedzo yeAsia.
Izvi zvisati zvaitika, nyika dzeAmerica dzaigarwa nebudiriro huru dzinozivikanwa se "Pre-Columbian period," dzakadai seInca Empire, maMayans, maAztec, maZapotec, maOlmec, uye maToltec.
Kwemakore mazhinji vagari ve "Old Continent" (Europe, Africa neAsia, sezvo Oceania yakanga isati yawanikwa), vaifamba negungwa vakananga kuMesoamerica, vakakunda vanhu vakasiyana-siyana nehurongwa kana. nechisimba, uye akadana nzvimbo iyi kuti "Nyika Itsva."
Vafambisi vakati wandei, kusanganisira Américo Vespucio, Juan de la Cosa naMartín Waldseemüller, vakaita Nzendo dzakati wandei kuenda ku "Nyika Itsva" nechinangwa chekuwedzera kutengeserana kweEurope.
Muna 1499, Florentine Amerigo Vespucci ndiye akatanga kutaura kuti ikondinendi itsva yakasiyana neAsiatic Indies nekuda kwehuwandu hwayo hwakakura kupfuura Asia, Africa kana Europe, uye zvakare akasiyana. Kurangarira kubviswa kwake, zita rekondinendi iyi rakabuda.
Hunhu uye mamiriro ekunze eAmerican continent
Nyika yeAmerica inosvika zviuru gumi nezvina zvemakiromita kubva kuAlaska (Canada) kuenda kuTierra del Fuego (Argentina) uye inobata nzvimbo ye42.549.000 square kilometers (8,3% yenzvimbo yese yevhu). Iine makomo marefu akaita seRocky Mountains kuNorth America kana Andes muSouth America.
America ndiyo kondinendi ine musiyano mukuru wemamiriro ekunze nekuda kwehukuru hwayo uye zvinhu zvakaita semvura, mhepo uye tembiricha. Semuenzaniso, mamiriro ekunze ari kuchamhembe kwekondinendi iyi ari subarctic kana arctic gore rose.
Nguva yechando yakaoma nechando munzvimbo zhinji dzeCanada neAlaska, pamwe nemuArgentina Patagonia, nharaunda yekumaodzanyemba kwekondinendi yeAfrica. Kupisa kwakanyanyisa kwakanyorwa munzvimbo dziri kure zvikuru nematanda, asi kwakanga kunewo dzimwe nzvimbo dzaigara kuchinaya sinou.
Semuenzaniso, kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero kweMexico: makomo eSinaloa neChihuahua (anopfuura neChihuahua Pacific Railroad), mumasango eMexiquillo de Durango Natural Park, muguta reSombrerete de Zacatecas uye musango rehurumende kubva kuMonterreal, Coahuila.
Mamiriro ekunze ari kuchamhembe kweSouth America anodziya, akakamurwa munzvimbo dzinopisa, equatorial uye gwenga. Central South America inotongwa nemamiriro ekunze anodziya (kana anodziya), akakamurwa kuita marine kudziya (pedyo nemhenderekedzo) uye kondinendi kudziya (yakadzika mukati mekondinendi).
Flora nemhuka dzeAmerican continent
United States ndiyo musha wezvakasiyana siyana zvipenyu uye zvipenyu zvakapfuma kwazvo paPasi. Zvichienderana nenharaunda yekondinendi, maruva nemhuka zvinogovana humwe hunhu:
- Miti nemhuka dzeNorth America. Miti yakadai semapaini, mahogany, misidhari uye conifers yakawanda, pamwe chete nemiti yakadai se cacti uye agaves. Mhuka dzemhuka dzinosanganisira mapere, makondo, makwai eCanada, turkeys, zvisimbiso, bison, ocelots, nondo, mhumhi, coyotes, uye nyoka.
- Miti nemhuka dzeCentral America. Miti yakaita seavocado, guava, tamarind, palm, banana, cherry nepineapple yakawanda, pamwe chete nemiti yakaita sekoko, mhiripiri nechibage. Mhuka dzemhuka dzinosanganisira tapirs, armadillos, macaws, quetzals, matatya egirini, flamingos, howler tsoko, jaguar, anteaters, makondo, pumas, uye tapirs.
- Miti nemhuka dzeSouth America. Miti yakadai sema<em>larches, misipuresi, araucarias, coligües (kana kuti tsanga), lengas, mipaini, guamos, mahogany, uye mizambiringa yakawanda, pamwe chete ne<em>fern, miti yemabhanana, maruva erukundo eAmazon, marozi, uye maorchid. Mhuka dzemhuka dzinosanganisira penguin, whales, jaguar, pumas, toucans, makondo emhanza, rattlesnakes, ngwena, uye manatee.
Tsika dzeAmerica
IUnited States inoratidzirwa nekusiyana kwayo kwetsika dzakasiyana. Marudzi ekutanga kana echivanhu aigara mukondinendi ino isati yawanikwa uye Spanish colonization yakakwanisa kuvaka humambo hukuru. Zvadaro, huwandu hwevanhu hwakachinja uye hwakakura munhoroondo, zvakanyanya nekuda kwekuuya kwevatorwa kubva ku "Nyika Yekare".
Mushure mekusvika kwaColumbus, Vanhu vokuEurope vakaongorora nokutora nyika itsva. VaSpain vakatora Mexico kusvika kudivi rekumaodzanyemba kwekondinendi yeAfrica, maPutukezi akatora Brazil, uye maBritish neFrance akatora North America. Kubva pakutonga kwekoloni, mitauro mitsva netsika dzakasiyana nedzevanhu veko dzakagadzirwa.
Pasinei nekusiyana kwayo kwetsika, kondinendi yeAfrica yakakamurwa kuita matunhu maviri akasiyaniswa zvichienderana nemitauro inotungamira uye kukura kwehupfumi hwavo:
- Anglo American. Inosanganisira Canada neUnited States uye inonyanya Chirungu.
- América Latina. Kuvhara kubva kuMexico kuenda kuArgentina, Spanish inotungamira.
Curiosities
Zvino zvawava kuziva iwo hunhu hukuru hweAmerican kondinendi, isu tichakuudza zvimwe zvinonakidza chokwadi:
- Meteorite yakauraya dinosaurs 65 miriyoni makore apfuura yakawira munzvimbo yava kunzi Chicxulub, Mexico.
- Zviri pamutemo, kondinendi yeAmerica yakaziviswa kune dzimwe nyika muna 1492, asi kuwanikwa kwevanhu vakasara kunosimbisa kuvapo kwevanhu vekare 17.000 makore apfuura.
- Budiriro yeMayan inoonekwa seimwe yemhando dzakakosha kwazvo munyika.
- Kubva pa "kuwanikwa", nyika dzinoverengeka muAmerica dzakadzorwa nevaongorori vekuEurope, uye musanganiswa unonakidza wetsika uchiri kucherechedzwa nhasi.
- Nyika ine vanhu vakawanda mukondinendi yeAmerica iUnited States., ine vagari vane mamiriyoni 329, iyo inomiririra 33% yehuwandu hwevanhu veAmerica. Brazil neMexico zvinotevera pedyo.
- Nyika ine vanhu vashoma mukondinendi yeAmerica iSaint Kitts neNevis ine 56.000 vagari.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezvekondinendi yeAmerica uye maitiro ayo.