Muna 1879, mumwe weakanakisa masayendisiti munyika akaberekerwa muUlm. Ndezve Albert Einstein. Muzana ramakore regumi nemanomwe Isaac Newton akange atsanangura mitemo inotonga kufamba kwemitumbi nenyeredzi. Izvi zvakabatsira kubatanidza nyika fizikisi uye yekudenga fizikisi. Neiyi nzira zvaive zvichikwanisika kuziva chikamu chakakura chevamakanika vese kusvika kune ino yazvino nyika. Pakupera kwezana ramakore rechiXNUMX pakanga paine zviitiko zvinoverengeka mufizikiki zvaisagona kutsanangurwa nedzidziso dzaNewton. Naizvozvo, Albert Einstein aifanira kukurira zvese zvikanganiso zvefizikisi akagadzira paradigm nyowani: dzidziso yehukama.
Muchikamu chino tichaenda kukuudza zvese zvehupenyu nehukama hwaAlbert Einstein uye kukosha kwedzidziso yehukama seyakatangira fizikisi yazvino.
Albert Einstein's biography
Tsananguro yaAlbert Einstein yakatsanangurwa yakabviswa kubva pane zvese pfungwa. Ndokunge, dzidziso iyi yakaratidza uye yakaratidza kutanga kwekurambana pakati pevanhuwo zvavo nesainzi iri kuwedzera hunyanzvi uye isinganzwisisike. Nekudaro, kunyangwe panguva yehupenyu hwenyanzvi iyi kana mushure, zvinhu zvakawanda zvehukama zvakasimbiswa izvo zvaive zvese zvinoshamisa uye zvisinganzwisisike panguva iyoyo. Ichi ndicho chimwe chezvikonzero nei Albert Einstein ari mumwe weanozivikanwa uye anoyemurwa masayendisiti munhoroondo yese yesainzi.
Chinonyanya kushamisa nezvekuwanikwa kwemusayendisiti ndechekuti pfungwa dzake dzese dzaisatombofungika dzaive dzechokwadi. Chimwe chazvo semuenzaniso kuti uremu hwemuviri hunowedzera nekukurumidza. Nekudaro, uyu mutambi akakurumbira aive mudzidzi akashata muhudiki hwake. Semwana aive akanyarara uye anozvibata ega uye aive nehunyanzvi hwekukura pakudzidza. Paaive akura, Einstein pachake akataura kuti zvese izvi zvakanonoka mukusika kwake kweiyo dzidziso yehukama. Ndokunge, sekureva kwake, vanhu vazhinji vanotanga kufunga nezvematambudziko epasi uye nguva ivo vachiri vadiki. Nekuda kwekukura kwayo zvishoma, haana kutanga kubvunza mubvunzo nezve space-time kusvika akura. Iyi mibvunzo ndiyo yaive mavambo edzidziso yehukama.
Nechekare muna 1894 mhuri yake yese yaive nematambudziko emari akaita kuti vatamire kuMilan. Einstein akasara muMunich kuti akwanise kupedzisa zvidzidzo zvake zvesekondari. Aive nevana vanoverengeka vanonzi Hans Albert naEduard, vakazvarwa zvakateedzana muna 1904 na1910. Gare gare Einstein akarambana nemumwe wake ndokuroorazve hama yake Elsa.
Dzidziso yehukama
Veruzhinji 5 mabasa muna 1905. Mumwe wavo akashandira kuwana doctorate kubva kuYunivhesiti yeZurich uye 4 vakasara vaizopedzisira vaisa shanduko huru mumufananidzo uyo sainzi inopa yezvose. Uye ndezvekuti mabasa aya akapa tsananguro yedzidziso muzviverengero zvemafambiro eBrownian. Vakapawo dudziro pane iyo fotoelectric mhedzisiro. Kune izvi, yaive yakavakirwa pane fungidziro yekuti mwenje unoumbwa neumwe quanta. Mufizikisi yakazotevera iyi quanta yaidaidzwa kunzi mafotoni.
Iwo maviri akasara mabasa ndeaya akaisa hwaro hwedzidziso yehukama. Mune ino dzidziso, kuenzana pakati pesimba reimwe huwandu hwenyaya uye huremo hwayo hunosimbiswa. Iyi ndiyo yakakurumbira equation E = mc². Sezvo basa ravo nekutsvagisa kwaive nesimba guru shure kwazvo, zvakaita kuti vaiswe pakati pevanyanzvi vefizikisi muEurope yose. Gare gare ndipo apo kuzivikanwa kwevanhu chaiko kunosvika kuna Albert Einstein uye ndizvo Akapihwa mubairo weNobel muFizikiki, iyo yaakatambira muna 1921.
Pfungwa yehukama inoedza kutsanangura zvimwe zvisina kumira mushe pakufamba kwekufamba. Nekudaro, nekufamba kwenguva, shanduko yedzidziso iyi rave hwaro hwesainzi. Yakavewo huru yekureva iyo inobatsira kuratidza kukosha kwakakosha kwechinhu nesimba, nzvimbo uye nguva, uye kuenzana pakati pemasimba egiravhiti uye mhedzisiro yekumhanyisa muhurongwa.
Dzidziso iyi yaive nemaumbirwo maviri akasiyana. Yekutanga yaizivikanwa sedzidziso yakasarudzika yehukama uye inobata neese masisitimu ayo famba uchiita kune mumwe nemumwe uine velocity inogara iripo. Imwe yacho yainzi dzidziso yehukama hwakawanda uye ine basa rekutsanangura izvo masisitimu anofamba nekumhanyisa inomhanya Ndiko pane ino mhanya kumhanya uko kumhanyisa kunounzwa.
Albert Einstein dzidziso yekubatanidza
Zvinonyatso kuzivikanwa kuti mumitemo yefizikiki inodiwa iyo inogona kubatanidza tsananguro dzese dzehurongwa pamwe nekufamba kwakadzikama iko zvino kusagadzikana. Neichi chikonzero, ese eAlbert Einstein chiitiko chakanangana nekugadzirisa iyo yakazara dzidziso yehukama. Nyaya huru yekufungidzira kwedzidziso iyi yaive yekuti giravhiti harisi simba asi munda unogadzirwa nekuvapo kwemass mune nzvimbo-yenguva kuenderera.
Gare gare muna1919 mukurumbira wake wepasi rese wakakura, zvichimuita kuti awedzere misangano yake yekusvikira pasirese. Mufananidzo wake semumwe wevafambi vekirasi yechitatu njanji zvakare wakazove wakakurumbira. Aive nemukurumbira wekuenda kwese kwese aine violin kesi pasi peruoko rwake. Uye chinhu ndechekuti chimwe chezvaanofarira kuita kuridza gitare.
Zvese zvaAlbert Einstein zvakaitwa kwemakore gumi anotevera zvakanangana nekutsvaga hukama hwemasvomhu pakati pemagetsi emagetsi uye kukwezva kunokwezva. Chinangwa chikuru chaEinstein chaive tsvaga iyo yakajairwa mitemo iyo yaifanirwa kugamuchirwa yehunhu hwezvinhu zvese zviri muchadenga. Uye ndezvekuti akafunga kuti paive nemutemo waiti maitiro ezvinhu zvese, angave ari epasi teriki fizikisi kana yekudenga fizikisi. Maitiro ese aya aifanirwa kuiswa mumapoka mune imwechete yakabatana munda dzidziso.
Uyu musayendisiti akambotaura kuti zvematongerwo enyika zvaive nemutengo unopfuura, nepo equation yaishanda nekusingaperi. Izvi ndizvo zvakakonzerwa nedambudziko raaive naro paakabva kuGerman kuenda kuUnited States nekuda kwekukwira kwaHitler pachigaro muna 1933. Atove mumakore ekupedzisira ehupenyu hwake kuvava kwekutadza kufomoka kwakaratidza kuvanhu chakavanzika chehunhu hwezvinhu chakawedzera hutano hwake.
Mushure mekunge kuputika kweNagasaki neHiroshima kwapedza Hondo Yenyika Yechipiri, Einstein akabatanidza vese masayendisiti kudzivirira kushandiswa kwemberi kwebhomba uye akaronga kuumbwa kwehurumende yenyika kubva kuUnited Nations.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezvaAlbert Einstein.