Takatarisana nevarume venhoroondo avo vakaratidza kare uye shure musainzi tinowana Alan Turing. Iye muBritish masvomhu, nyanzvi yemakomputa, muzivi kana, theoretical biologist, marathoner, logician uye Ultra-chinhambwe mumhanyi uyo akabvisa kufambira mberi kwakawanda musainzi panguva yake. Akazvarwa muna 1912 uye akafa muna 1954. Aionekwa semumwe weVababa vecomputer sainzi uye mutangiri wekomputa yanhasi. Nekuda kwemipiro yavo, zvaive zvichikwanisa kukanganisa kurongeka kweakasiyana algorithm uye komputa dzepfungwa, pakati pazvo isu patinowana iyo Turing muchina.
Muchikamu chino tichaudza iwe zvese zvehupenyu uye zvinoshandiswa naAlan Turing.
Nhoroondo yaAlan Turing
Sezvinotarisirwa, makare-kare kwaive neruzivo rwakawanda pamusoro penzvimbo, kuti munhu agone kugona mumatavi akasiyana esainzi. Mune ino kesi, isu takaona kuti uyu musayendisiti akazvipira iye kune akawanda mapazi esainzi, saka aigona kubatsira mune akasiyana mativi. Alan Turing akarairwa kuti atungamire mishoni ku kuve nekukwanisa kutsanangura mameseji eNazi aive akanyorwa mukati meWWII. Kubva achiri mudiki, akapa mhinduro dzakakura kumatambudziko akasiyana siyana mumasvomhu uye akabvumidzwa semudzidzi paKing's College, Cambridge University, rimwe remasangano ane mukurumbira pasainzi.
Muchikoro ichi akanzwa akasununguka uye akazviziva iye nevamwe vanhu vashoma sengochani. Panguva ino izvi zvaive zvisiri pamutemo muBritain, saka havasi vanhu vazhinji vaigona kuziva nezvazvo. Munguva yeyunivhesiti, kutanga, ini nemudzidzi tinozviita semudzidzisi, akarondedzera kune mamwe masayendisiti enguva yake.
Muna 1936 akaburitsa chinyorwa chakazove mavambo ekomputa yezvinyorwa. A akatsanangura zvaiverengeka uye zvaive zvisingaverengeke. Ndokureva, computable yaive zvese zvaigona kugadziriswa nealgorithm. Iyo algorithm inotsanangurwa seyakagadziriswa mhedzisiro mirairo iyo, kuburikidza nematanho akasiyana akateedzana, inotungamira kumhinduro yedambudziko. Mamwe ese asina kusangana netsananguro iyi aive asiri mabasa ekuverenga. Iye akagona kuratidza kuti paive nematambudziko akange asina mhinduro, ndokuti, ivo havana algorithmic mhinduro.
Kuitira kupa chirevo kune izvi zvese, uye ndokupa muchina wakakurumbira une zita rake. Icho chigadzirwa chekufungidzira chinogona kuita chero masvomhu mashandiro anogadziriswa nenzira yealgorithm. Muchiitiko chekuti inogona kugadziridzwa uye kushandurwa, inozove komputa. Zvisinei, Alan Turing haana kumbobvira apedza chirongwa ichi, kusakwanisa kuverenga pane zvinodiwa zvehunyanzvi nzira.
Kufambira mberi musainzi
Imwe yemabasa aAlan Turing yaive yekufanotaura kutadza kunokanganisa makomputa edu nhasi. Asati aripo emakomputa, uyu musayendisiti haana kungodzidzisa chete pamusoro pekushanda kwavo, asi zvakare akafanozivisa zvakare kukundikana mune ramangwana. Aya ndiwo maitiro, achiri kuronga muchina wake, akatsanangura dambudziko rekumira, kusimbisa kuti hapana algorithm inogona kuziva kana oparesheni ichizoguma yakatangwa kana kwete.
Kutenda kune aya mazano, akakwanisa kufanotaura kuti makomputa anooma uye achasiyana mune ramangwana. Mune mamwe mazwi, kana komputa ikawira mune isingagumi chiuno, isu tinofanirwa kugadzirisa kuti titangezve iyo kugadzirisa dambudziko. Uye zvinofungidzirwa kuti kune matambudziko asingaverengeke, pkana saka hapana algorithm iyo inogona kupa mhinduro kwazviri.
Alan Kuedza kutyora makodhi
Hurumende yeBritain yakadaidza Alan Turing muna 1938 kuti atungamire timu munzvimbo yekrisptography yenyika yake. Aive nebasa ini ndaive nebasa rakakura raCamón rekutsanangura mameseji kubva kumashini eEnigma. Iyi michina yaive mukutarisira kwekukwanisa kuendesa macoded odha kumaNazi submarines aishanda muAtlantic Ocean.
Mupiro wechikwata chakatungamira Turing zvaive zvakakosha kuti ukwanise kuve nemhedzisiro yehondo uchifarira vabatsiri. Uye ndezvekuti ivo vaigona kuzviita nehungwaru hwavo uye dhizaini yemashini ekutanga eBombe. Aya ndiwo magetsi emagetsi akavakirwa chete kuti akwanise kutyora Enigma macode.
Mushure mekukakavadzana uku, chokwadi chekuvaka zvakare muchina waive nehunyanzvi hwakafanana nehuropi hwemunhu hwakamutswa. Izvi ndezve chirongwa chinozivikanwa semamishini ane huropi. Inotsvaga kuvaka komputa yedhijitari zvemagetsi kuti igone kugadzirisa zvinopfuura chimwe chinangwa uye kugona kuchengeta chirongwa mundangariro yayo. Rimwe rematambudziko makuru raive naAlan Turing panguva yehupenyu hwake nderekuti akapihwa mishonga "yekurapa" ungochani hwake. Mushonga uyu wakaisirwa nemutongi uye wakakanganisa hutano hwake zvakanyanya.
Muna 1947 akakwanisa kugadzira komputa nyowani yaive yakavakirwa pakombuta inokwanisa kuchengetedza chirongwa mune yayo huru ndangariro, asi yaive iine huwandu hwakawanda kupfuura iyo yakatangira muchina.
Uchenjeri hunobatsira
Panguva iyoyo, Alan aifarira kwazvo huchenjeri hwekunyepedzera. Ndokureva, Akanakidzwa nenzira iyo iyo mashandiro ehuropi hwemunhu aigona kuteedzerwa zvakagadzirwa. Mupiro wake wakanakisa mundima iyi waive zvekare weyeyeyezve dzidziso munda. Mukudzidza kwavo vakagadza mabheseni akasiyana siyana ehungwaru hwekugadzira uye vakaronga mhando yemuyedzo kuti vaone kana muchina wakangwara kana kuti kwete.
Mushure mechiitiko nemudiwa wake, Alan Turing akasungwa nekuda kweungochani hwake akabatwa nemhosva, kunyangwe mutongi akamupa mukana wekuyedza kurapwa kwehomoni kuti arapwe. Zvese izvi zvakaitika muna 1952. Mushonga uyu wakakanganisa hutano hwake uye ukamusiya aora mwoyo izvo zvinofungidzirwa kuti zvakamuendesa kuzviuraya. Sezvauri kuona, tsvina yepamberi yakanga isina kufanana nazvino uye uyu musayendisiti aigona kunge akapa zvakanyanya kuti abvume ungochani.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda pamusoro paAlan Turing uye kufambira mberi kwake musainzi.