Launin lemar sararin samaniya

A cikin daban-daban yadudduka na yanayi  akwai wani Layer wanda yawan ozone ya fi yawa a duk duniya. Wannan shine ake kira ozone layer. Wannan yanki wanda yake a cikin dutsen da ke kusa da kilomita 60 sama da matakin teku yana da tasirin da ya wajaba ga rayuwa a doron ƙasa.

Tare da fitowar wasu iskar gas mai cutarwa cikin yanayi ta mutane, wannan Layer din ya sami wata sirar da ta sanya aikinta cikin hadari ga rayuwa a doron kasa. Koyaya, har zuwa yau ga alama yana sake shirya kanta. Shin kana son sanin irin aikin da lemar ozone take dashi da kuma mahimmancinsa ga mutane?

Gas na iskar gas

Don fara sanin aikin da ozone layer yake da shi, dole ne mu fara sanin kaddarorin gas da ke hada shi: ozone gas. Tsarin sunadarai shine O3, kuma shine nau'ikan oxygen mai rarraba, ma'ana, ɗayan hanyoyin da za'a sameshi a yanayi.

Ozone gas ne wanda ke narkewa cikin iska ta al'ada a yanayin zafi da matsin lamba na yau da kullun. Hakanan, yana bayar da wani wari mai danshi mai ratsa jiki kuma launinsa mai laushi ne mai laushi. Idan lemar sararin samaniya ta kasance a saman duniya zai zama mai guba ga tsirrai da dabbobi. Koyaya, ya wanzu ta hanyar halitta a cikin ozone kuma ba tare da wannan haɓakar wannan gas ɗin a cikin yanayin ba zamu sami damar fita waje.

Matsayi na lemar sararin samaniya

Ozone muhimmin mai kare rayuwa ne a doron kasa. Wannan saboda aikinsa azaman matattarar kariya daga hasken ultraviolet daga Rana. Ozone shine ke da alhakin shan gallar hasken rana wanda ake samu a zango tsakanin 280 da 320 nm.

Lokacin da hasken ultraviolet na rana ya fada kan ozone, kwayar tana shiga oxygen atom da oxygen din gama gari. Lokacin da oxygen na gama-gari da na kwayar zarra suka sake haduwa a cikin siradi sai su sake haduwa don samar da kwayar ozone. Wadannan halayen suna aiki akai-akai a cikin sararin samaniya da lemar sararin samaniya da oxygen a lokaci guda.

Hanyoyin sunadarai na lemar sararin samaniya

Ozone gas ne wanda za'a iya gano shi a cikin guguwar lantarki da kusa da babban ƙarfin lantarki ko kayan aiki masu walƙiya. Misali, a cikin masu hadawa, idan aka samar da tartsatsin wuta ta hanyar tuntuɓar goge, ana samar da ozone. Ana iya gane shi sauƙin ta ƙanshi.

Wannan iskar gas ɗin zata iya tattarawa kuma ta bayyana azaman shuɗi mai tsayayyen shuɗi. Koyaya, idan yayi daskarewa zai gabatar da launin baki-purple. A cikin waɗannan jihohin guda biyu abu ne mai fashewa sosai wanda aka ba shi ƙarfin ikon sarrafa abubuwa.

Lokacin da ozone ya bazu zuwa cikin chlorine, yana iya yin kwalliya da yawancin karafa kuma, kodayake natsuwarsa kadan ne a doron ƙasa (kusan ppb 20 kawai), yana iya yin kwalliyar karafa.

Ya fi oxygen aiki da nauyi. Hakanan yana kara sanya kuzari, shine dalilin da yasa ake amfani dashi a matsayin disinfectant da germicide, saboda hadawan abu da kwayoyin cuta cewa wannan sakamako. Anyi amfani dashi don tsarkake ruwa, lalata abubuwa masu rai, ko iska a asibitoci, jiragen ruwa na ruwa, da sauransu.

Yaya ake samar da ozone a cikin stratosphere?

Ana samar da lemar sararin samaniya galibi lokacin da kwayoyin oxygen ke fuskantar kuzari mai yawa. Lokacin da wannan ya faru, waɗannan kwayoyin sun zama sunadarai masu ƙarancin oxygen. Wannan gas din bashi da karko sosai, don haka idan yaci karo da wani kwayar oxygen ta yau da kullun, sai ya daure ya zama ozone. Wannan halayen yana faruwa duk bayan dakika biyu ko makamancin haka.

A wannan yanayin, tushen makamashin da ke haifar da iskar oxygen shine hasken rana na ultraviolet. Ruwan Ultraviolet shine abin da ke rarraba iskar oxygen a cikin oxygen atom. Lokacin da kwayoyin oxygen da kwayoyin oxygen suka hadu suka samar da ozone, ana lalata shi bi da bi ta hanyar aikin ultraviolet radiation kansa.

A lemar sararin samaniya Layer ne ci gaba ƙirƙirawa da lalata ƙwayoyin ozone, oxygen kwayoyin da atom oxygen. Ta wannan hanyar, ana samun daidaitaccen ma'auni wanda a ciki an lalata ozone kuma aka ƙirƙira shi. Wannan shine yadda ozone ke aiki azaman matattarar iska wanda baya barin rayin mai cutarwa ya wuce zuwa saman Duniya.

A lemar sararin samaniya Layer

Kalmar "ozone layer" ita kanta galibi ba a fahimtarsa. Wato, ma'anar ita ce cewa a wani tsayi a cikin sararin samaniya akwai babban adadin ozone wanda ke rufewa da kare Duniya. Ari ko lessasa ana wakilta kamar dai an rufe samaniya da abin da ya rufe gizagizai.

Koyaya, wannan ba haka bane. Gaskiyar ita ce, ozone ba a tattara a cikin stratum, kuma ba a tsaye a wani takamaiman tsayi ba, amma dai yana da ƙarancin iskar gas wanda ke narkewa sosai a cikin iska kuma kuma, ƙari, yana bayyana daga ƙasa zuwa ƙetaren samaniya . Abin da muke kira "ozone layer" yanki ne na stratosphere inda yawan ƙwayoyin ozone yake yana da ɗan girma (particlesan barbashi a cikin miliyan) kuma sun fi sauran abubuwan da ke cikin ozone a farfajiya. Amma yawan lemar ozone idan aka kwatanta shi da na sauran gas a sararin samaniya kamar su nitrogen, shine ƙarami.

Idan lemar ozone ta bace, haskoki na ultraviolet na rana zasu buge saman duniya kai tsaye ba tare da kowane irin matattara ba kuma zai sa a batar da farjin, halakar da duk rayuwar duniya. 

Samun iskar gas a cikin ozone layer shine na kusan kashi 10 cikin miliyan daya. Ididdigar lemar sararin samaniya ta bambanta da tsawo, amma bai fi dubu ɗari na yanayin da ake samu ba. Ozone wani nau'in gas ne wanda ba kasafai ake samun sa ba, idan, zamu raba shi da sauran iska a wani lokaci kuma mu jawo shi zuwa matakin kasa, zai zama kauri ne kawai da tsawon 3mm.

Lalacewar lemar sararin samaniya

Launin lemar sararin samaniya ya fara lalacewa a shekarun 70, lokacin da aka ga aikin barna da iskar gas din nitrogen ke dashi. Wadannan gas din an kore su ta jiragen sama masu karfin gaske.

Nitrous oxide yana amsawa tare da lemar sararin samaniya sakamakon nitric oxide da oxygen gama gari. Kodayake wannan yana faruwa, aikin akan lemar ozone kaɗan ne. Gas din da yake lalata lahan ozone da gaske sune CFCs (chloro-fluoro-carbons). Wadannan gas din sakamako ne na amfani da sinadaran roba.

A karo na farko da aka san batun yaduwar lemar sararin samaniya shine a shekarar 1977 a Antarctica. A shekara ta 1985 ya yiwu a auna cewa cutarwa mai cutarwa daga Rana ya ninka har sau 10 kuma cewa lemar ozone akan Antarctica ya ragu da kashi 40%. Daga can ne lokacin da ya fara magana game da ramin ozone.

Siririn siririn lemar ozone ya kasance sirri mai tsayi. Bayani da aka alakanta da zagayowar rana ko halaye masu canzawa na yanayi kamar basu da tushe kuma a yau ga alama ya tabbatar da cewa saboda ƙaruwar fitowar hayaƙi ne (Chlorofluorocarbon ko CFC), gas da ake amfani da shi a masana'antar aerosol, robobi da kuma sanyaya da da'irorin sanyaya daki.

CFCs gas ne mai karko sosai a cikin sararin samaniya, tunda basu da guba ko wuta. Wannan yana ba su tsawon rai, yana ba ku damar lalata ƙwayoyin ozone waɗanda suke kan hanyarku na dogon lokaci.

Idan aka lalata Launin lemar sararin samaniya, karuwar UV radiation zai haifar da jerin masifu na tasirin ilmin halitta kamar karuwar yawan cututtukan cututtuka da kansar fata.

A gefe guda kuma, samar da iskar gas (wanda ake fitarwa daga doron duniya ta hanyar aikin mutum) wanda ke haifar da abinda ake kira "Tasirin Greenhouse", zai haifar da dumamar yanayi tare da sauye-sauyen yankuna a yanayin zafi, wanda zai haifar da hauhawar matakin teku a sakamakon haka, a tsakanin sauran dalilai, na narkewar sannu a hankali manyan tarin kankara na polar.

Wannan kamar kifin ne wanda ya ciji wutsiyarsa. Mafi girman adadin hasken rana da ke shafar saman duniya, ya fi tasiri ga yanayin zafi. Idan muka hada da tasirin dumamar yanayi sanadiyyar karuwar tasirin greenhouse da kuma yawan haskoki na UV daga Rana akan yawan kankara kamar Antarctica, zamu ga cewa Duniya tana nitse a cikin yanayin zafi fiye da kima kara rura wutar ta duka shi.

Kamar yadda kake gani, lemar ozone tana da mahimmancin gaske ga rayuwar dan adam, ga mutane, harma da ciyayi da dabbobi. Kula da ozone a cikin yanayi mai kyau shine fifiko kuma saboda wannan, dole ne gwamnatoci su ci gaba da aiki kan hana fitar da iskar gas da ke lalata ozone.