Kowa a wani lokaci yana son jin labaran dinosaur da halittun da suka gabata waɗanda suka mamaye Duniya. Bincike, babu makawa mu tsinci kanmu a gaban burbushin halittu, mafi bayyananniyar shaidar halittu wacce ta bace shekaru miliyoyin da suka gabata.
Godiya garesu, zamu iya sake ginin abin da dabbobi ke rayuwa a lokacin. Kamar babban abin birgewa wanda a hankali yake sake gina kansa kuma ya nuna mana yadda abubuwa suke a da. Amma menene ainihin abin da ke ɗaukar ɗan adam da ƙashi don juyawa zuwa dutse?
Menene burbushin halittu?
Burbushin ya fito ne daga kalmar Latin "fosilisil", wanda ke nufin "tonowa." Ragowar kwayoyin har ila yau da ayyukansu, misali, waƙoƙin da aka yi burbushinsu, ana iya ɗaukar su azaman burbushin halittu. Waɗannan ragowar galibi ana kiyaye su a cikin duwatsu masu laushi, waɗanda ƙila an sami sauye-sauye a cikin abin da suka ƙunsa. Isaya shine ta hanyar zane-zane, wanda shine samuwar dutsen mai ƙwanƙwasawa daga abubuwan ƙwanƙwasa. Otherayan kuma ta hanyar ƙa'idar metamorphism, wanda shine lokacin da dutsen ya sami canji ba tare da canjin yanayi ba saboda matsi da yanayin zafi daban da wanda ya samo asali.
Don a kira shi "burbushi", dole ne ya zama aƙalla shekaru 10.000. Wato, zamu iya samun su duka a cikin Holocene, wanda shine lokaci na yanzu, har zuwa Archaic Aeon, ɗan fiye da shekaru biliyan 4 da suka gabata. Girman su na iya bambanta daga abin da suka ƙunsa, daga micrometers don ƙwayoyin cuta masu burbushin halittu zuwa mita da yawa kamar manyan dinosaur. Tabbas, akwai burbushin masu nauyin mara nauyi ga wasu masu tarin yawa.
Ta yaya ake kafa su?
Samuwar kasusuwan tarihi na iya faruwa ta hanyoyi daban-daban na tsarin burbushin halittu. Mafi sananne shine na ƙaramin abu, wanda ake kira ta hanyar haƙa ma'adinai. Sauran matakai za su kasance da sauƙaƙe abubuwa, yin simintin gyare-gyare da ƙera abubuwa, da kuma yin lalata. Nan gaba zamu ga bambancinsu.
Samuwa ta hanyar ma'adinai
Abu na farko da zai ɓace lokacin da dabba ta mutu shine ragowar ƙwayoyinta. Wannan tsari, wanda yafi kowa yaduwa a burbushin halittu, yana barin kowane abu wanda shine kwarangwal, exoskeleton, ƙashi, hakora, da sauransu. Idan ba wani abin da ya faru ba, a kan lokaci, da kaɗan kaɗan waɗannan kaburburan ake binne su. Ruwan da yake malala duk da cewa akwai duniyoyin duniya da yawa a saman, suna dauke da ma'adanai zuwa kasusuwan kasusuwan da ake samu a can kasa. A hankali, kuma tare da shudewar lokaci, yakan sa ragowar su zama dutse. A dalilin wannan ana kiran shi petrification.
Misalin burbushin halittu ta hanyar sarrafa abubuwa
Samuwar Carbonization
Asarar abubuwan gas, galibi oxygen, hydrogen da nitrogen, sun bar fim ɗin carbon a wurin. Wannan nau'in burbushin halittu ya fi yawa a cikin tsire-tsire musamman, kamar lokacin da, alal misali, ganye ko rassan aka niƙe tsakanin duwatsu.
Mingirƙira ta hanyar yin simintin gyare-gyare
Wannan nau'in burbushin yana faruwa ne azaman mummunan ra'ayi ko tabbatacce. Wato, a mummunan abu zai zama kwafin abin da ya kasance kuma a tabbatacce kwafi ne kamar yadda yake. Dangane da wannan, ana iya gabatar da su ta hanyoyi 3:
- waje: Yana haifar da mummunan ra'ayi game da kwayar halitta, yana iya zama daga fatar dabba ko farfajiyar harsashi, misali. Wasu abubuwa ne suka rufe jikin ta, kamar su yumbu. Tare da wucewar lokaci dutsen yana kiyaye bayanan dabbar da aka lulluɓe.
- ciki: Yana faruwa ne lokacin da kayan suka shiga jiki, a misali kwasfa misali, ya cika lokaci da kayan. Dabbar tana lalacewa tsawon lokaci, kuma kayan da suka makale a ciki suna samun sifar dabbar wacce take.
- Da mold: Kwafi ɗaya ne na dabba, kodayake yana da wahalar samarwa. Don wannan ya faru, sifar farko dole ne ta wanzu a ciki ko a waje, kuma don haka, wani sifa ta biyu a cikin kishiyar wuri, ƙirƙirar kwatankwacin yadda kwayar halitta take.
Halitta ta mummification
A wannan tsarin an kiyaye kwayoyin kamar yadda yake. Don wannan, ya zama dole dabba ta kama cikin kayan, kuma yana da juriya ga bazuwar da kuma hana ruwa. Misali, sauro da ke cikin ambar, ko dabba mai shayarwa da ke cikin kankara.
Kuma yanzu don bincika! Muna fatan cewa daga yanzu idan kuka ga burbushin halitta, zaku iya ganin aikin da yasa hakan ya yiwu!