Volcanoes al'amura ne na halitta da ke faruwa a lokacin da magma daga cikin duniya ya isa saman. Wadannan yanayi suna faruwa a wasu wurare da kuma wasu lokuta. Ya dogara ne akan wurin da laifin yake da kuma ko yana aiki ko dutsen mai aman wuta. Don haka ba duk dutsen mai aman wuta ba iri daya ne, suna da siffofi daban-daban, nau'ikan lafa daban-daban da fashewa daban-daban masu iko daban-daban. Mafi yawan abubuwan fashewa ana daukar su a matsayin mafi hadari mai aman wuta a duniya.
A cikin wannan labarin, za mu gaya muku wane ne dutsen mai aman wuta mafi hatsari a duniya da kuma irin halayensu.
Halayen aman wuta
Ka tuna, bayyanar volcanoes ba na haɗari ba ne. Yawancin lokaci ana ƙayyade wurinsa ta hanyar fashewar faranti na tectonic, sassa daban-daban da suka hada da lithosphere. Waɗannan faranti suna motsi yayin da suke shawagi a kan rigar ruwa a cikin ƙasa. Lokacin da suka yi karo da juna, ko kuma idan ɗaya ya rabu da ɗayan, ana haifar da magma baya ga motsin da ya haifar. Magma ruwa ne mai zafi wanda ke haifar da cikin rigar. A yanayin zafi mai yawa, yana ƙoƙarin neman mafita, a ƙarshe yana ba shi damar amfani da duk wani sarari da ke cikin ɓawon ƙasa don isa saman. Lokacin da hakan ya faru, a lokacin ne ake haifar da tsaunuka.
Koyaya, fashewar dutsen mai aman wuta ba ci gaba da fashewar magma bane. A duk lokacin da dutsen mai aman wuta ya toso magma daga cikinsa, sai a ce fashewar ta auku. Fashewar ta dogara ne akan ayyukan cikin gida na Duniya. Ta wannan hanyar, za mu iya samun volcanoes masu aiki da marasa aiki dangane da yawan fashewar aman wuta. A hankali, tsaunuka mafi haɗari a duniya zasu kasance masu aman wuta, saboda suna iya haifar da fashewar magma wanda zai iya lalata yanayin da ke kusa.
Duk da haka, wannan ba yana nufin cewa tsaunukan da ke kwance ba su da wannan yuwuwar, tun da ginshiƙan da ke barin magma ke tserewa koyaushe suna nan. Har ila yau, dutsen mai aman wuta yakan sami fashewar fashewar abubuwa masu ban mamaki bayan tsawon lokaci na rashin aiki saboda suna faruwa a cikin manyan juzu'i na magma da aka adana na dogon lokaci.
Dutsen aman wuta mafi hatsari a duniya da bayanan ayyukansu
Vesubio mont
Wannan dutsen mai aman wuta yana gabar tekun Italiya, kusa da birnin Naples. Shahararren dutsen mai aman wuta ne tun karni na farko AD Shi ne ke da alhakin binne garuruwan Romawa na Pompeii da Herculaneum. A halin yanzu, ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin dutsen mai tsiro. Wanne ya fi kowa haɗari, kamar yadda masana kimiyya suka ce dutsen mai aman wuta da ke tashi na dogon lokaci yana da yuwuwar lalacewa.
Dutsen Etna
Wani babban dutsen mai aman wuta a Italiya shine Dutsen Etna, dake Sicily a Tekun Bahar Rum. A shekara ta 1669, fashewar aman wuta ta afkawa birni mafi girma a yankin, Catania. A shekara ta 1992, wani fashewa makamancin haka ya lalata yawancin tsibirin, amma aka yi sa'a ba ta isa birnin ba.
nyiragongo
Wannan dutsen mai aman wuta yana cikin Kongo. Yana daya daga cikin manyan duwatsu masu aman wuta a yau. Mutane da dama ne suka mutu a lokacin da dutsen mai aman wuta ya barke a shekarar 1977. Haka kuma, a shekara ta 2002, bullar cutar ta karshe, mutane 45 sun mutu baya ga lalata gine-gine da dama a garuruwan da ke kusa.
merapi
Wannan dutsen mai aman wuta a Indonesiya yana daya daga cikin manyan duwatsu masu aman wuta a duniya baki daya. Masu binciken volcano sun yi kiyasin cewa aikin da yake yi yana haifar da fashewa duk bayan shekaru 10 ko makamancin haka. A cikin 2006, fashewa ta ƙarshe ta kashe dubban mutane da ke zaune a kusa.
papandayan
Wani dutsen mai aman wuta, wanda kuma yake a Indonesiya, yana kusan aiki kamar Dutsen Merapi. Fashewar ta na karshe dai ita ce a shekara ta 2002, inda ta yi barna ga manyan iyakokin kasar. Kazalika matsugunin da yawa da ke zaune a kusa, ko da yake lalacewar jiki ta ragu sosai.
Dutsen teide
Dutsen mai aman wuta ne da ke tsibirin Canary na Tenerife (Spain). A halin yanzu, an rarraba shi azaman dutsen mai aman wuta. Koyaya, idan ya farka, zai iya haifar da bala'i ga daukacin tsibirin, in ji masana volcano. Ba za mu iya mantawa da cewa Canary Islands sun ƙunshi tsibiran volcanic, wanda ya ba mu ra'ayi na ikon wannan sabon abu.
sakura jima
Wannan dutsen mai aman wuta yana a kasar Japan, musamman a tsibirin Kyushu. Dutsen mai aman wuta ne kuma na ƙarshe ya fashe a shekara ta 2009. Baya ga haɗarin da ke tattare da kasancewar dutsen mai aman wuta, muna magana ne game da yankunan da ke da yawan jama'a, wanda kuma yana ƙara haɗarin cewa dutsen mai aman wuta zai hana aikin ƙaura. .
Bayani
Wurin da ke cikin Mexico, mai tazarar kilomita 70 kawai daga gundumar Tarayya, dutsen mai aman wuta babban barazana ne idan aka yi la'akari da yawan al'ummar wannan birni. A gaskiya ma, Popocatepetl yana ɗaya daga cikin fiye da 20 volcanoes da aka bazu a cikin Aztec National Geographic, kuma saboda yana zaune a tsakanin faranti da yawa masu aiki sosai, an lura da shi don tsananin ayyukan girgizar kasa.
Black Saw
Don kammala nazarin mu game da dutsen mai aman wuta mafi hatsari a duniya, har yanzu muna da ambaton Saliyo Negra a tsibirin Galapagos. Yana daya daga cikin manyan duwatsu masu aman wuta a duniya kuma fashewar sa ta karshe ta faru ne a shekara ta 2005. A wannan yanayin, ba sai mun yi magana game da hadarin da yake yi wa mutane ba, domin tsibirin Galapagos ba su da yawan jama'a. Duk da haka, sun zama tsarin halittu na babban nau'in halittu wanda wannan al'amari na halitta ke fuskantar barazana akai-akai.
eyjafjallajökull
Dutsen Dutsen Eyjafjallajökull, titan sama da mita 1.600 sama da matakin teku, yana kan dusar ƙanƙara kuma yana aiki tsawon shekaru 8.000 na ƙarshe. Ta fuskanci fashewa daban-daban a cikin shekaru aru-aru, wanda ya fi shahara shi ne fashewa na karshe a shekarar 2010. Hatsarin da ya sanya arewacin Turai ke fama da shi, ba zai iya yin aiki ba saboda dakatar da dutsen mai aman wuta, wanda ya tilasta soke daruruwan jirage na tsawon kwanaki. Idan kuna son gano wannan babban dutse, zaku iya bin hanyar da ke kudu maso gabar tekun Iceland.
Iztaccihuatl
A cikin gandun dajin na Izta-Popo Zoquiapan, akwai kuma daya daga cikin manyan duwatsu masu hadari a duniya mai suna Iztaccihuatl. An ce ’yan kato da gora biyu da suka yi wa wannan katafaren kambin sarauta, wasu masoya ne na asali guda biyu da suka fuskanci wani mummunan labarin soyayya.
Ina fatan cewa tare da wannan bayanin zaku iya ƙarin koyo game da aman wuta mafi haɗari a duniya.