Menene walƙiya mai aman wuta?

El volcanic walƙiya Yana daya daga cikin abubuwan da suka fi daukar hankali a bangaren dan Adam. Kuma shi ne cewa yana faruwa ne a lokacin fashewar dutsen mai aman wuta kuma ana buƙatar yanayi na musamman don bayyanarsa. Lokacin da suka bayyana, walƙiyar volcanic na wannan abin ban mamaki ne wanda ya cancanci daukar hoto.

A saboda wannan dalili, za mu keɓe wannan labarin don gaya muku yadda ake samu walƙiya mai aman wuta, menene halaye da asalinsa.

volcanic walƙiya

Walƙiya mai aman wuta fitarwa ce ta wutar lantarki sakamakon fashewar aman wuta. Toka da pyroclastics da dutsen mai aman wuta ya fitar ba su da tsaka tsaki, wato, Ba su da cajin lantarki, don haka ba za su iya yin walƙiya da kansu ba. Koyaya, rashin jituwa tsakanin kayan volcanic a cikin mahallin maƙiya na iya haifar da sakin ions a cikin ginshiƙi mai aman wuta, yana haifar da waɗannan abubuwan ban mamaki. Rabuwar caji mai kyau da mara kyau yana haifar da babban bambanci mai mahimmanci, wanda ke haifar da fitarwa.

Amma suna nan a cikin kowane nau'in dutsen mai aman wuta? Amsar ita ce a'a. Don samar da walƙiya mai aman wuta, dutsen mai aman wuta dole ne ya kasance yana da abubuwan fashewa iri ɗaya da girman tulu kamar La Palma. Kuma shi ne, ko da yake a farkon Canary Volcano ya gabatar da fashewar irin nau'in Strombolian wanda, a cikin wasu abubuwa, ba shi da tashin hankali sosai, kololuwar ayyukan da aka rubuta a wasu lokuta ya ba da damar waɗannan haskoki su haifar.

Bincike

Wani bincike a mujallar kimiyya ya nuna cewa wutar lantarkin dutsen mai aman wuta yana samo asali ne a lokacin da gutsuttsuran duwatsu, toka da barbashi na kankara suka yi karo a wani ginshikin ginshikan dutsen mai aman wuta. A baya can, an ƙirƙiri tuhume-tuhume kamar yadda ake ƙirƙirar walƙiya a cikin tsawa ta al'ada, sai dai a cikin waɗannan lokuta an ƙirƙira ta ne kawai lokacin da barbashi na kankara suka yi karo. Hakanan, Har ila yau, fashewar aman wuta yana fitar da ruwa mai yawa. wanda ke taimakawa wajen samar da wadannan tsawa.

An yi abubuwan lura na farko da aka rubuta a AD 79, lokacin da ɗan tarihi na Romawa Pliny ƙarami ya kwatanta fashewar Dutsen Vesuvius. Wannan lamari yana nunawa a cikin kalmomi masu ban tsoro da hotuna na wancan lokacin tarihi: dukan taron sun ga wani gajimare da hasken wuta ya huda, yana ɓoye hasken rana ta Pompeian a ƙarƙashin rigarsa. A kan dutsen mai aman wuta guda, Farfesa Luigi Palmieri ya gudanar da binciken kimiyya na farko a kan walƙiya mai aman wuta ko ƙazantaccen hadari a lokacin fashewar 1858, 1861, 1868 da 1872.

A halin yanzu, binciken da aka buga a cikin 2008 a cikin Bulletin of Volcanology ya nuna cewa kashi 27% zuwa 35% na fashewar aman wuta suna tare da waɗannan walƙiya (Rayi). An dauki hoton guguwa mai ban mamaki a duk fadin duniya, ciki har da Dutsen Chaitén a Chile, Colima a Mexico, Dutsen Augustine a Alaska, da kuma Dutsen Eyjafjallajökull a Iceland da Dutsen Etna a Sicily a Turai.

Ta yaya walƙiya mai aman wuta ke samuwa?

Takaitawa tsakanin barbashi na ƙanƙara da ɗigon ruwa dake saman gajimare na cumulonimbus (raduwar tsawa) yana haifar da iskar ionize kuma ta tara babban bambanci mai yuwuwa tsakanin wasu sassan gajimare da wasu. Wannan a ƙarshe yana haifar da walƙiya a cikin gajimare, amma kuma walƙiya da ke kaiwa wasu gajimare ko kwararar ruwa zuwa ƙasa.

A cikin yanayin walƙiya mai aman wuta, yanayin girgijen toka ya kamata ya kasance daidai da waɗanda ke cikin girgijen.

Toka da pyroclasts da dutsen mai aman wuta ya kora daga farko ba su da tsaka-tsaki (babu cajin lantarki), amma rashin jituwar da ke tsakanin su a cikin yanayi mai tsauri (ƙonawa) na iya haifar da sakin ions a cikin tudun dutsen mai aman wuta.

Walƙiya mai aman wuta tana faruwa ne kawai lokacin da hakan ta faru, wato, lokacin da aka sami bambance-bambancen caji a gajimare mai aman wuta.

Sakamako da son sani

Muhimmin sakamako na waɗannan guguwa na lantarki shine cewa suna shafar sadarwa: walƙiya na iya rushewa da mummunan tasirin jirgin sama.

Bugu da ƙari, hanyoyin sadarwa na rediyo a cikin iska da kuma a filayen jirgin saman da ke kusa da abin ya shafa. Wani bincike da Stephen R. McNutt da Earle R. Williams na Cibiyar Nazarin Geophysics ta Alaska da Cibiyar Fasaha ta Massachusetts suka yi, ya tabbatar da hakan. " Walƙiya da wutar lantarki a cikin dutsen mai aman wuta suna da mahimmanci saboda su kansu suna wakiltar haɗari, su ne abubuwan da ke da aman wuta na yanayin duniya." kewaye, yayin da suke ba da gudummawa ga tarawar barbashi da canje-canje a cikin ginshiƙin ash.

Dutsen tsaunuka masu tasowa na iya haifar da manyan abubuwan mamaki. Wani bincike da aka buga a cikin Scientific Reports na Andrew Pata, wani mai bincike na gaba da digiri a Cibiyar Kula da Kwamfuta ta Kasa da ke Barcelona, ​​ya bayyana yadda zubar ruwan teku daga dutsen Anak Krakatau na Indonesiya ya haifar da guguwar aman wuta da ta dauki kwanaki shida da haifar da aman wuta tsakanin ranar 22 ga wata. kuma na 2 na fiye da haskoki 100.000. Saboda haka, wasu fashewar dutsen mai aman wuta kuma suna ba mu damar lura da samuwar da kuma juyin halittar manyan filayen lantarki a cikin yanayi.

Me yasa dutsen La Palma ya haifar da walƙiya?

Bayan da hypnotic sakamako na concentrically rarraba girgije a sararin samaniyar tsibirin lura a farkon Oktoba, lokacin da dutsen mai aman wuta ya kasance aiki na fiye da kwanaki goma. An kama walƙiya a cikin babban mazugi na dutsen mai aman wuta, kamar guguwar wutar lantarki.

Masanin yanayin yanayi José Miguel Viñas ya bayyana cewa wadannan fitar da ruwa “alama ce ta fashewar fashewar.” Amma me yasa suke faruwa a lokacin aikin volcanic? Daga Cibiyar Nazarin Volcano na Canary Islands (Involcan), sun yi musayar hoto na hasken wuta mai aman wuta, wanda a gani ya yi fice daga sautin launin toka da ya mamaye El Paso, yankin da magma ya samo asali a ranar 19 ga Satumba na bara.

Fitar wutar lantarki ce da toka da pyroclasts suka jefar da volcanoes zuwa saman duniya, duk da cewa da farko kayan tsaka tsaki ne, wato, ba su da cajin wutar lantarki da kansu, amma suna haifar da "sakin ions a cikin tudun volcanic" saboda kasancewarsa cikin tashin hankali a muhalli m.

Kamar yadda kuke gani, wannan al'amari ya zama mai mahimmanci tun bayan fashewar dutsen mai aman wuta na La Palma. Ina fatan cewa tare da wannan bayanin zaku iya ƙarin koyo game da menene hasken wuta mai aman wuta da yadda yake samo asali.