Taimakon yankin mu ya yi fice don zama taimako na tsaunuka. The dutsen jeri na Spain Ana siffanta su da samun ƙwaƙƙwaran taimako kuma an raba su zuwa wurare daban-daban, faranti da ɓacin rai. Godiya ga irin wannan taimako, akwai endemic da keɓantattun nau'ikan tsibirin mu.
A saboda wannan dalili, za mu keɓe wannan labarin don gaya muku game da manyan halaye na jeri na tsaunin Spain, taimako da mahimmancinsu.
taimako na Spain
Ƙasar Spain tana da faɗin murabba'in kilomita 505.956 kuma ya haɗa da mafi yawan yankin Iberian Peninsula, da Balearic Islands, da Canary Islands, da kuma biranen Ceuta da Melilla a arewacin Afirka.
Hotunan da Spain ta gabatar a yau shine sakamakon miliyoyin shekaru na tarihin ilimin kasa, wanda ya yi tasiri sosai ta hanyar karon faranti na Afirka da Eurasia. Ƙari ga wannan, matakai na ƙarshe kamar ayyukan volcanic da matakai na waje waɗanda ke haifar da abubuwan waje kamar ruwa da iska suna haifar da nau'i-nau'i daban-daban a cikin yankin.
Saboda haka, Spain tana ba da ɗimbin banbance-banbance a cikin hoto na ɓangarorin ɓangarorin da ke cikin ƙasa da wuraren da ke cikin ruwa. Don sanin irin nau'in taimako da ake samu a Spain, dole ne mu fara fahimtar halayen da ke tattare da shi. Da farko, bari mu kalli yanayin yanayin yankin:
- Tsawo: Matsakaicin tsayinsa shine mita 660.
- Form: Saboda fadin kilomita 1094 daga gabas zuwa yamma, wanda aka kara da shi zuwa tsawo da layin bakin teku, siffarsa tana da girma sosai, mai murabba'i kuma kusan daidaici.
- Tsarin Dutse: Ban da Saliyo Ibérica da Saliyo Litoral Catalana, tsaunukan suna gudana daga gabas zuwa yamma kuma suna yin shingen dabi'a daga iska mai danshi daga Tekun Atlantika.
- Rarraba cikin gida: Ƙasar Spain an tsara shi cikin raka'a na tsakiyar plateau, wanda ke wakiltar 45% na yankin ƙasar Spain. Kewaye da tudu, kwanukan ruwa, da tsaunuka masu fita waje.
Ana iya raba halayen taimako na insular na Mutanen Espanya zuwa masu zuwa:
- Tsibirin Balearic: Idan aka kwatanta da tsibiran Canary, jin daɗin sa ya ɗan fi tsaunuka. Bugu da ƙari, tsibiran Balearic sun samar da wani yanki na tsaunukan Baetic a cikin Tekun Bahar Rum, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa suke da yanayin yanayin ƙasa. A daya hannun kuma, tsibiran Canary suna da cikakken 'yanci saboda asalinsu da kuma wurin da suke da aman wuta.
- Tsibirin Canary: wanda magma ya samo asali daga yankin laifin faranti na Afirka, kuma magma ya karu ya zama tsibirai. A cikin waɗannan tsibiran Canary, inda har yanzu ayyukan volcanic ke aiki, filin yana da aman wuta kuma yawanci muna samun calderas, cones, calderas, badlands, canyons da glaciers.
Yanzu da kuka san ainihin halayen ɓangarorin ɓangarorin ƙasa da na insular, za mu yi daki-daki dalla-dalla raka'o'in agaji daban-daban a Spain.
dutsen jeri na Spain
tsakiyar plateau
Shi ne babban yanayin yanayin ƙasar Spain, wani fili mai faɗi da koguna suka ketare wanda a ƙarshe ke kwarara cikin Tekun Atlantika. Ya rufe tsakiyar yankin Iberian Peninsula, yana wucewa ta cikin al'ummomin Castilla-León, Castilla-La Mancha da Extremadura. Bi da bi, tsaunukan tsaunuka sun kasu kashi biyu ta tsarin tsaunukan tsakiya:
- Arewa Sub-Plateau ko Duero depression: ketare ta kogin Duero.
- Sub-Plateau ko kudanci ciki Tagus-Guadiana da La Mancha: ƙetare kogin Tagus da Guadiana.
tsarin dutse
A gefe guda, akwai rukuni uku na tsaunuka a cikin yankin Mutanen Espanya, bari mu ga abin da suke:
Tsaunuka a cikin Plateau
Biyu daga cikinsu, kamar yadda sunan su ya nuna, suna tsakiyar tulu:
- Gaban arewa shine Tsarin tsakiya: tsaunin Somosierra, Guadarrama, Gredos da Gata suka kafa, Almanzor shine kololuwar kololuwa.
- Kudanci kadan ne Dutsen Toledo: ƙananan dutsen dutse. Akwai Sierra de Guadalupe da Las Villuercas, kololuwar kololuwar sierra.
Duwatsu kewayen tudun mun tsira
Tsaunukan da ke kan iyaka da Filato ta Tsakiya su ne:
- Dutsen León: A arewa maso yamma, tsaunukan sa ba su da tsayi sosai, kuma Teleno Peak shine mafi girma.
- Tsaunukan Cantabrian: Zuwa arewa da gefen gabar tekun Cantabrian. Akwai tsaunuka masu tsayi a nan, tare da Torre de Cerredo shine mafi kololuwa.
- Iberian tsarin: A gabas, ya raba Plateau ta Tsakiya da kwarin Ebro. Kololuwar Moncayo ita ce mafi girma.
- Sierra Morena: Zuwa kudu, wani yanki ne na tsaunuka wanda ke raba tsakiyar tudu daga kwarin Guadalquivir. Dutsen ba su da tsayi sosai, a nan mun sami Saliyo Madrona, tare da Bañuela mafi girma.
Tsawon tsaunuka na Spain daga tudu
A mafi nisa na tsakiyar tudu muna samun jerin tsaunuka masu zuwa:
- Galician Massif: A arewa maso yamma sun kasance ƙasa, amma Cabeza de Manzaneda shine mafi girma.
- Dutsen Basque: A arewa, tsakanin Pyrenees da tsaunin Cantabrian. Kolowarsa na Corey shine mafi girman tsayi.
- Pyrenees: Har ila yau, a arewa, sun kafa iyakar yanayi tsakanin Spain da Faransa. Duwatsu ne masu tsayin tsayi, kololuwar kololuwa shine Aneto. Kar a rasa ƙarin cikakkun bayanai game da flora da fauna na Pyrenees a cikin labarin Green Ecology mai zuwa.
- Tsarin Tekun Catalan: A gabas na tudun tudun ruwa, akwai tudun tsaunuka daidai da tekun Bahar Rum. Montserrat da Montseny sun zama mafi girman tudu.
- Tsarin Baetic: Suna kudu maso gabas na Meseta kuma an kafa su ta hanyar tsaunukan Penibética da Subbética.
damuwa
A cikin Spain mun sami manyan bakin ciki guda biyu a wajen tsakiyar faranti. Su ne lebur, ƙananan wurare tsakanin tsaunuka da koguna suna ratsa su. Bari mu ga menene:
- Ebro Depression: wani fili mai siffar triangular a arewa maso gabashin Spain, tsakanin Pyrenees, tsaunin Iberian da gabar tekun Catalan. Kogin Ebro ya ratsa shi.
- Guadalquivir Bacin rai: Hakanan mai siffar triangular, wanda ke kudu maso yammacin Spain, tsakanin tsaunin Morena da Bética. An ketare ta kogin Guadalquivir.
Islands
Kamar yadda muka ambata a baya, yankin Mutanen Espanya ya ƙunshi manyan tsibirai guda biyu, waɗanda a zahiri tsibirai ne, wato, rukuni na tsibiran:
- Tsibirin Balearic: Ya ƙunshi tsibiran 5: Mallorca, Menorca, Ibiza, Formentera da Cabrera. Suna kan gabar tekun Bahar Rum a gabashin Spain. Taimakon tarin tsibirai ba shi da tsaunuka sosai, tare da tsaunin Tramuntana zuwa arewacin Mallorca kuma mafi girman kololuwa shine Puig Major.
- Tsibirin Canary: Akwai tsibirai 7 da suka hada da tsibiran, Lanzarote, Fuerteventura, Gran Canaria, Tenerife, La Gomera, El Hierro da tsibirin La Palma. Ana kuma samun su a kan Tekun Atlantika a yammacin Afirka. Ƙasa a nan dutse ne na asalin dutsen mai aman wuta. Mafi girman kololuwa, Teide, yana cikin Tenerife kuma shine mafi girma a duk Spain.
Yankuna
A ƙarshe, Spain tana da bakin teku mai faɗi da aka kasu kashi uku, waɗanda su ne:
- Cantabrian cornice: bakin tekun arewa, wanda ya tashi daga kan iyaka da Faransa zuwa iyakar Estaca de Bares. A can muka sami duwatsu da yawa.
- Tekun Bahar Rum: Daga Mashigar Gibraltar zuwa iyakar Faransa, ita ce bakin teku mafi tsayi a Spain.
- Tekun Atlantika: Daga bakin Estaca de Bares zuwa mashigin Gibraltar. A zahiri an raba shi zuwa sassa uku: daga kan iyakar Estaca de Bares zuwa gadar Miño (arewacin Portugal); daga kudancin iyakar Portugal zuwa mashigin Gibraltar; da kuma bakin tekun Canary Islands.
Ina fatan cewa tare da wannan bayanin za ku iya ƙarin koyo game da tsaunukan tsaunuka na Spain da halayensu.