A yau za mu yi magana game da teku wanda ya ƙunshi tsibirai da yawa a ciki kuma wanda ya kasance sama da duk mafi girman tsarin murjani a duniya. Game da shi teku ta murjani. Ruwa ne wanda yake ɓangare na Kudancin Tekun Pasifik kuma yana da yanki kusan murabba'in kilomita 4.800.000. Suna da mahimmancin gaske daga mahangar kiyaye halittu tunda akwai Babbar shinge mai suna, wanda UNESCO ta ayyana a matsayin Gidan Tarihin Duniya a 1981.
A cikin wannan labarin zamu gaya muku game da duk halaye, bambancin halittu da mahimmancin Tekun Coral.
Babban fasali
Nau'in teku ne wanda yake wanka gaɓar ƙasashe masu zuwa: Australia, New Caledonia (Faransa), Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands da Vanuatu. Sunanta ya fito ne daga dauke da tsibirai da yawa a cikin sa da kuma duk mafi girman tsarin murjani a duniya. An haɗa shi zuwa arewa maso yamma tare da Tekun Arafura, ta hanyar Kogin Torres. Tana iyaka da Tekun Solomon zuwa arewa, Tekun Tasman a kudu da kuma buɗe Tekun Pasific a gabas.
Ruwa ne wanda zurfin zurfinsa yakai mita 2.394, kodayake a mafi zurfin abin ya kai mita 9.140. Wannan tekun yana da son sani kuma shine asalin manyan hanyoyin da yake samarda gyroscope a cikin hanyar da ba ta amfani da agogo ba. Wannan saboda mafi zurfin ma'anarsa yana haifar da raƙuman ruwa waɗanda aikin aikin Coriolis zai canza su. Tsarin yanzu yana haɗuwa da Gabashin Australiya na Gabas. Wannan halin yanzu yana da alhakin jigilar ruwan dumi daga arewa zuwa Tekun Tasman, wanda gabaɗaya ya fi sanyi. Wannan bambanci a yanayin zafi shine yake haifar dashi da karfi. Halin da ke ɗauke da ruwan sanyi mai ɗumi yana ƙaruwa da ƙarfi a cikin watan Fabrairu kuma yana da rauni a cikin watan Agusta.
Yanayin Yanayin Coral
Tekun Coral yana da matsakaicin matsakaicin shekara-shekara wanda ya bambanta gwargwadon yadda muke ciki. Misali, a yankin kudu muna da ruwan sanyi masu kusan digiri 19. A gefe guda muna da ɓangaren arewa, ruwan dumi mai ƙima da darajoji kusan digiri 24. Yana da alamun gishirin da zai kasance kusan 34.5-35,5 ‰ (sassan dubu), saboda haka bai cika zama gishiri ba. Kuma shi ne ruwan Tekun Coral ya fita waje saboda suna da tsananin kaifi, musamman ma a wuraren da ake samun murjani.
A cikin yanayin yanayi na wannan teku mun sami iskar guguwa mai tsananin zafi da yawa a cikin ta. Wadannan guguwa na wurare masu zafi suna gama gari kuma suna yin barazana ga yawan jama'ar dake zaune a gabar ruwanta da kewayawa. Guguwa mai zafi na faruwa sau da yawa a lokacin bazara.
Tsibirin Coral
Kamar yadda muka ambata a baya, teku ce da ke da tsibirai da yawa a ciki. Baya ga Babban shingen ruwa mun sami mahimman rukunin tsibirai. Gabansa da tsibirai suna da wadatacciyar rayuwa. Daga cikinsu muna samun tsuntsaye da rayuwar rayuwar ruwa mai yawa. Wannan tarin yawan halittu ba wai kawai ya fi son ayyukan kamun kifi bane, amma kuma sune sanannen wurin yawon shakatawa. Tana da tsibirai da yawa waɗanda ke zuwa wuraren yawon shakatawa a ƙasa da ƙasa. Godiya ga wannan, tattalin arziƙin ƙasashen da ke kusa da Tekun Coral na iya samun ci gaba sosai. Bari mu ga waɗanne tsibirai ne na Tekun Coral:
Suna kusa da gabar arewa maso gabashin Australia kuma sun kunshi kusan tsibirai 30 da atol da kusan kananan tsibirai 50. Wadannan tsibirai sun kasu kashi daban-daban kuma sune masu zuwa:
- Kungiyar Arewa maso Yamma, wanda yankuna masu mahimmanci suke Osprey Reef, Lihou Reef da kuma Tsibirin Willis.
- Melish Reef, Tudun da ke kusa da kilomita 300 daga gabar Australiya.
- Rukunin Kudu maso Gabas, wanda aka yi da reefs Frederick, Kenn, Saumarez, Wreck da Cato, inda wuri mafi girma na waɗannan tsibirin yake, mita 6 ne kacal sama da matakin teku.
- Southernungiyar Kudancin, an kafa shi ne daga maɓuɓɓugan ruwa Middleton da Elizabeth.
Tsibiran Chesterfield suna cikin Faransa kuma suna kusa da kilomita 550 arewa maso yammacin New Caledonia. Akwai tsibirai guda 11 da ba kowa ke rayuwa wanda fadada yakai kusan kilomita murabba'i 11. Duk tsibirai da maɓuɓɓugan ruwa sun warwatse a cikin murabba'in kilomita 120 × 70. An ba tsibiran da ke cikin wannan rectangle sunaye masu zuwa:
- Isla Renard.
- Guraben ruwa sandar.
- Cayo Kwarangwal
- Islands Chesterfield tsakiya
- Tsibirai Avon
- Lle Longue.
- Tsibiran na yin gyare-gyare.
- Tsibirai Tsayawa
- Tsibiri Tsalle
- Guraben ruwa Bellona.
Mahimmancin dutsen murjani
Mun san cewa murjani na murjani kamar dazuzzukan ruwa ne waɗanda suka zo da siffofi, girma dabam, da launuka daban-daban. Kuma yankuna ne na dubban kananan dabbobi wadanda suke da mahimmanci don rayuwar miliyoyin miliyoyin mutane kuma hakan ya samar da kashi 25% na dabbobin ruwa na duniya. A cikin waɗannan rudun za ku sami ƙananan kifi da mollusks da kunkuru, tsuntsayen ruwa da kifaye. Wadannan halittu suna da rauni sosai kuma rayuwarsu tana cikin hadari saboda sakamakon dumamar yanayi.
Coaruruwan murjani ba kawai suna ba da matsuguni da abinci ba ne don yawan adadin dabbobin ruwa na duniya, amma har ila yau, jan hankalin masu yawon buɗe ido ne wanda ke samar da kuɗaɗen shiga na miliyoyin daloli. Ta mahangar muhalli, yana kiyaye mu daga ambaliyar ruwa, tsunamis kuma yana ba da gudummawa don wadatar abinci ta hanyar kamun kifi. Ya kamata kuma mu sani cewa ana cire yawancin magungunan maganin sankara daga murjani.
Dole ne mu sani cewa su ne mazauninsu na ɗabi'a mai haɗari irin su gashin teku, anemones, gorgonians, da sauransu. Rahoton na UNEP ya kuma nuna mahimmancin murjani don tattalin arzikin Mesoamerica da Indonesia, yankuna biyu da Fiye da dala biliyan 34.000 kowannensu na iya shiga aljihu tsakanin yanzu zuwa 2030 idan muka inganta kiwon lafiya.
Ina fatan cewa tare da wannan bayanin zaku iya ƙarin koyo game da Tekun Coral da halayensa.