Tabbas kun ji fiye da sau ɗaya cewa saurin haske shine mafi sauri a duk faɗin duniya. Yawancin ra'ayoyin a cikin ilimin lissafi suna amfani da su saurin haske. Ma'auni ne da masana kimiyya suka kafa wanda ya taimaka mana daga ilimin kimiyyar lissafi da falaki.
A cikin wannan labarin za mu gaya muku duk abin da kuke buƙatar sani game da saurin haske, tarihinsa, halayensa da abin da yake.
Menene gudun haske
Gudun haske ma'auni ne da masana kimiyya suka tsara kuma ana amfani da su a fannonin kimiyyar zahiri da falaki. Gudun haske yana wakiltar nisan da haske ke tafiya a cikin lokacin raka'a.
Fahimtar jikkunan sama, yadda suke ɗabi'a, yadda ake watsa hasken lantarki, da yadda hasken da idon ɗan adam ke tsinkayi yana da mahimmanci ga nazarin jikin sama.
Idan mun san nisa, za mu iya sanin tsawon lokacin da ake ɗaukar haske don tafiya. Misali, hasken rana yana ɗaukar kusan mintuna 8 da daƙiƙa 19 kafin ya isa duniya. Ana ɗaukar saurin haske a matsayin dindindin na duniya, maras bambanci a cikin lokaci da sararin samaniya. Yana da darajar mita 299.792.458 a sakan daya, wato kilomita miliyan 1.080 a cikin sa'a guda.
Wannan gudun yana da nasaba da shekarar haske, raka'a mai tsayi da ake amfani da ita a fannin ilmin taurari, wato nisan tafiyar da haske ke yi a cikin shekara guda. Gudun hasken da muke gabatarwa shine saurinsa a cikin vacuum. Koyaya, haske yana tafiya ta wasu kafofin watsa labarai, kamar ruwa, gilashi, ko iska. Watsawar sa ya dogara da wasu kaddarorin matsakaici, kamar izinin izini, ƙarfin maganadisu da sauran kaddarorin lantarki. Sannan akwai yankuna na zahiri wadanda electromagnetic ta sauƙaƙe jigilar sa, da sauran waɗanda ke hana shi.
Fahimtar yanayin haske yana da mahimmanci ba kawai don nazarin ilimin taurari ba, har ma don fahimtar ilimin kimiyyar lissafi da ke cikin abubuwa kamar tauraron dan adam da ke kewaya duniya.
Wasu tarihin
Girkawa ne suka fara rubuta asalin haske, wanda suka yi imanin cewa ya fito ne daga abubuwa kafin a samu hangen nesa dan adam don kama shi. Ba a tunanin haske zai yi tafiya har sai karni na XNUMX, amma a matsayin wani abu mai wucewa. Koyaya, wannan ya canza bayan an ga kusufin. Kwanan nan, Galileo Galilei ya gudanar da wasu gwaje-gwajen da suka nuna shakku game da "kai tsaye" na nisan tafiya da haske.
Masana kimiyya daban-daban sun yi gwaje-gwaje daban-daban, wasu sun yi sa'a, wasu kuma ba su yi ba, amma a wannan zamanin na kimiyyar farko, duk wadannan nazarce-nazarcen kimiyyar lissafi sun bi manufar auna saurin haske, ko da kuwa na'urorinsu da hanyoyinsu ba daidai ba ne, kuma na farko na da sarkakiya. Galileo Galilei ne ya fara yin gwaje-gwaje don auna wannan lamari, amma bai samu sakamakon da zai taimaka wajen lissafin lokacin wucewar haske ba.
Ole Roemer ya yi ƙoƙari na farko don auna saurin haske a cikin 1676 tare da nasarar dangi. Ta hanyar nazarin taurari, Roemer ya gano daga inuwar duniya yana nunawa daga jikin Jupiter cewa lokaci tsakanin kusufi ya ragu yayin da nisa daga duniya ya ragu, kuma akasin haka. Ya samu darajar kilomita 214.000 a cikin dakika daya, adadi mai karɓuwa da aka ba da matakin daidaitaccen abin da za a iya auna nisan duniya a lokacin.
Sannan kuma a shekara ta 1728, James Bradley shima ya yi nazari kan saurin haske, amma ta hanyar lura da canje-canjen taurari, ya gano gudun hijirar da ke da alaka da motsin duniya da ke kewaye da rana, inda ya samu darajar kilomita 301.000 a cikin dakika daya.
An yi amfani da hanyoyi daban-daban don inganta daidaiton ma'auni, misali, a cikin 1958 masanin kimiyya Froome. ya yi amfani da na'urar sadarwa ta microwave don samun darajar kilomita 299.792,5 a cikin daƙiƙa guda, wanda shine mafi daidaito. Daga 1970, ingancin ma'auni ya inganta da inganci tare da haɓaka na'urorin laser tare da mafi girman ƙarfin aiki da kwanciyar hankali, kuma tare da amfani da agogon cesium don inganta daidaitattun ma'auni.
Anan muna ganin saurin haske a cikin kafofin watsa labarai daban-daban:
- Babu komai - 300.000 km/s
- Jirgin sama - 2999,920 km/s
- Ruwa - 225.564 km/s
- Ethanol – 220.588 km/s
- Quartz - 205.479 km/s
- Crystal Crown - 197,368 km/s
- Flint Crystal: 186,335 km/s
- Diamond – 123,967 km/s
Menene amfanin sanin saurin haske?
A cikin ilimin kimiyyar lissafi, ana amfani da saurin haske azaman mahimman bayanai don aunawa da kwatanta gudu a cikin sararin samaniya. shine gudun da yake yadawa hasken wuta na lantarki, gami da hasken da ake iya gani, raƙuman radiyo, X-ray, da haskoki gamma. Ikon ƙididdige wannan saurin yana ba mu damar ƙididdige nisa da lokuta a cikin sararin samaniya.
Wani muhimmin misali na yadda ake amfani da saurin haske a ilimin kimiyyar lissafi shine a cikin nazarin taurari. Domin hasken tauraro yana ɗaukar lokaci kaɗan kafin ya isa duniya, idan muka kalli tauraro muna kallon abubuwan da suka gabata. Yadda tauraro ke nisa, tsawon lokacin haskensa ya kai mu. Wannan dukiya tana ba mu damar bincika sararin samaniya a lokuta daban-daban a tarihinta, tunda muna iya nazarin hasken taurarin da aka yi miliyoyi ko ma biliyoyin shekaru da suka wuce.
A cikin ilimin taurari, saurin haske yana da mahimmanci don ƙididdige nisa a cikin sararin samaniya. Haske yana tafiya a kan matsakaicin gudu na kusan mita 299,792,458 a cikin daƙiƙa guda a cikin sarari. Wannan yana ba mu damar auna nisa zuwa taurari da taurari masu nisa ta amfani da tunanin shekarun haske. Shekarar haske ita ce tazarar da haske ke tafiya a cikin shekara guda, kuma ya kai kusan kilomita tiriliyan 9,461. Ta hanyar amfani da wannan juzu'in ma'auni, masana ilmin taurari za su iya tantance tazarar abubuwa masu nisa da kuma fahimtar tsari da sikelin sararin samaniya.
Har ila yau, saurin haske yana da alaƙa da ka'idar alaƙa ta Albert Einstein. Bisa ga wannan ka'idar, saurin haske yana dawwama a cikin dukkan firam ɗin tunani, wanda ke da tasiri mai mahimmanci ga yadda muke fahimtar lokaci da sarari. Dangantakar Einstein na musamman da na gaba ɗaya sun kawo sauyi ga fahimtarmu game da sararin samaniya kuma sun haifar da haɓaka fasahar kamar GPS.
Ina fatan cewa tare da wannan bayanin zaku iya ƙarin koyo game da saurin haske da halayensa.