An raba yanayin Duniya zuwa yadudduka daban -daban, kowannensu yana da tsari da aiki daban. Bari mu mai da hankali kan sararin samaniya. Mesosphere shine kashi na uku na yanayin duniya, wanda yake saman stratosphere kuma a ƙasa da yanayin zafi.
A cikin wannan labarin za mu gaya muku menene mesosphere, menene mahimmancin sa, abun da ke ciki da halayen sa.
Babban fasali
Tsarin mesosphere ya kai daga kusan kilomita 50 zuwa kilomita 85 sama da ƙasa. Yana da kauri kilomita 35. Zazzabi na tsakiyar ya zama sanyi yayin da nisan zuwa ƙasa ke ƙaruwa, wato tsayin yana ƙaruwa. A wasu wurare masu zafi, zafinsa na iya kaiwa -5 digiri Celsius, amma a wasu tsaunuka zafin zai sauka zuwa -140 digiri Celsius.
Yawan gas a cikin mesosphere yayi ƙasa, sun haɗa da iskar oxygen, carbon dioxide da nitrogen, kuma gwargwadon su kusan iri ɗaya ne da na iskar gas. Babban banbanci tsakanin yadudduka biyu shine yawan iskar da ke cikin tsakiyar tana ƙasa, ƙarancin tururin ruwa yana ƙasa, kuma abun cikin ozone ya fi girma.
Mesosphere shine murfin ƙasa saboda yana lalata yawancin meteors da asteroids kafin su isa saman duniya. Ita ce mafi tsananin sanyi na yanayin duka.
Yankin da mesosphere ya ƙare kuma ya fara yanayin yanayi ana kiranta mesopause; wannan shine yankin mesosphere tare da mafi ƙarancin ƙima. Ƙananan iyaka na mesosphere tare da stratosphere shine ake kira stratopause. Wannan shi ne yankin da tsakiyar tsakiya yake da mafi ƙarancin ƙima. Wani lokaci wani nau'in girgije na musamman yana samuwa a tsakiyar tsakiyar kusa da sandunan arewa da kudu, da ake kira "noctilucent clouds." Waɗannan gajimare baƙon abu ne domin sun fi kowane irin girgije girma.
Wani irin walƙiya mai ban mamaki zai kuma bayyana a tsakiyar layi, wanda ake kira "goblin walƙiya."
Mesosphere aiki
Mesosphere shine murfin dutsen sama wanda ke kare mu daga shiga sararin duniya. Meteorites da asteroids suna ƙonewa saboda gogewa tare da ƙwayoyin iska don ƙirƙirar meteorites masu haske, wanda kuma aka sani da "taurarin harbi." An kiyasta cewa kusan tan 40 na meteorites suna fadowa ƙasa kowace rana, amma matsakaicin matakin na iya ƙone su kuma yana haifar da lalacewar ƙasa kafin su isa.
Kamar madaurin ozone na stratospheric, tsakiyar kuma yana kare mu daga cutarwar hasken rana (radiation ultraviolet). Hasken Arewa da Hasken Arewa suna faruwa a matakin matsakaiciWaɗannan abubuwan mamaki suna da ƙimar yawon buɗe ido da ƙimar tattalin arziki a wasu yankuna na duniya.
Mesosphere shine mafi sirrin yanayin sararin samaniya, tunda kawai yana ƙunshe da 0,1% na jimlar iskar kuma yana iya kaiwa yanayin zafi har zuwa -80 digiri. Muhimman halayen sunadarai suna faruwa a cikin wannan Layer kuma saboda ƙarancin ƙarancin iska, ana haifar da rikice -rikice daban -daban waɗanda ke taimakawa sararin samaniya lokacin da suka dawo Duniya, tunda sun fara lura da tsarin iskar baya kuma ba kawai birki na iska ba. jirgi.
A ƙarshen mesosphere shine mesopause. Shi ne iyakar iyaka wanda ke raba mesosphere da thermoshere. Tana da nisan kusan kilomita 85-90 kuma a cikinta zazzabi ya tabbata kuma yayi ƙasa sosai. Chemiluminescence da aeroluminescence halayen faruwa a cikin wannan Layer.
Muhimmancin mesosphere
Mesosphere ya kasance koyaushe yanayi ne tare da mafi ƙarancin bincike da bincike, saboda yana da tsayi sosai kuma baya barin jiragen sama ko balloons masu zafi su wuce, kuma a lokaci guda yayi ƙasa sosai don dacewa da jiragen sama na wucin gadi. Tauraron tauraron dan adam da yawa suna kewaya cikin wannan sashin sararin samaniya.
Ta hanyar bincike da bincike ta amfani da rokoki masu sauti, an gano wannan yanayin sararin samaniya, amma dorewar waɗannan na'urori dole ne ya kasance yana da iyaka. Koyaya, tun daga 2017, NASA ta himmatu wajen haɓaka na'urar da zata iya yin nazarin matsakaicin matakin. Wannan kayan tarihi ana kiransa sodium lidar (haske da gano kewayo).
Supercooling na wannan Layer saboda ƙarancin zafin jiki akan sa -da sauran abubuwan da ke shafar yadudduka na yanayi- yana wakiltar mai nuna yadda canjin yanayi ke haɓaka. A wannan matakin akwai iskar zonal wanda ke nuna gabas zuwa yamma, wannan kashi yana nuna alkiblar da suke bi. Bugu da ƙari, akwai raƙuman ruwa na iska da raƙuman nauyi.
Ita ce mafi karancin yanayi a sararin samaniya kuma ba za ku iya numfashi a ciki ba. Hakanan, matsin lamba ya yi ƙasa sosai, don haka idan ba ku sanye da sararin samaniya ba, jinin ku da ruwan jikinku za su tafasa. Ana ɗaukarsa mai ban mamaki ne saboda ba a yi nazari sosai ba kuma saboda abubuwan ban mamaki iri -iri sun faru a ciki.
Gajimare mai duhu da taurari masu harbi
A cikin mesosphere abubuwa da yawa na musamman na halitta suna faruwa. Misalin wannan shine gizagizai masu ƙanƙara, waɗanda ke nuna launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi kuma ana iya gani daga arewa da kudu. An halicci waɗannan gajimare lokacin da meteor ya bugi sararin samaniya kuma ya saki sarkar ƙura, daskararren ruwa daga cikin gajimare zai manne da ƙurar.
Gajimare mai girgiza kai ko tsaka -tsakin polar sun yi yawa fiye da gajimare na yau da kullun, kusan kilomita 80 tsayi, yayin da gajimare na yau da kullun da aka lura a cikin sararin samaniya ya yi ƙasa sosai.
Taurarin harbi ma suna faruwa a cikin wannan yanayin sararin samaniya. Suna faruwa a matakin matsakaici kuma ganin mutane koyaushe suna da ƙima sosai. Waɗannan “taurari” ana samunsu ne ta hanyar ruɓewar meteorites, waɗanda ake samu ta hanyar gogayya da iskar da ke cikin yanayi kuma ta sa su fitar da walƙiya.
Wani sabon abin da ke faruwa a cikin wannan yanayi shi ne abin da ake kira haskoki elf. Kodayake an gano su a ƙarshen karni na 1925 kuma Charles Wilson ya nuna su a XNUMX, asalinsa har yanzu yana da wuyar fahimta. Waɗannan haskoki galibi ja ne, suna bayyana a cikin mesosphere, kuma ana iya ganin su nesa da gajimare. Har yanzu ba a bayyana abin da ke haddasa su ba, kuma diamitarsu na iya kaiwa kilomita goma.
Ina fatan cewa tare da wannan bayanin zaku iya ƙarin koyo game da mesosphere da halayensa.