Machismo ya haifar da matsaloli da yawa a duniyar kimiyya. Daya daga cikin matan da suka fi dacewa a duniya na biophysics da crystallography shine Karin Franklin. Ita ce ainihin mai gano DNA. Matsalar ita ce a farkon karni na XNUMX, matan da suka sadaukar da kansu ga karatun kimiyya sun yi watsi da cibiyoyin.
Saboda haka, zamu sadaukar da wannan labarin don gaya muku duk abin da kuke buƙatar sani game da Rosalind Franklin da mahimmancin da take da shi a duniyar kimiyya.
Rosalind Franklin tarihin rayuwa
A farkon karni na XNUMX, duk wani masanin kimiyya wanda yake mace kuma zai yi bincike an yi watsi da shi kwata-kwata. Har ta kai ga inda ake musu kallon raini. Cibiyoyin da sauran jama'a gabaɗaya sun yi Allah wadai da Rosalind Franklin ko da rashin suna. Daga cikin nasarorin da wannan masanin kimiyyar ta samu sosai mun lura da gano hoton farko na B-bangaren DNA mai dauke da ruwa. An ba wa masana kimiyya uku lambar yabo ta Nobel a fannin ilimin kimiyyar lissafi da magani bayan gano tsarin halittar DNA. Abin da yawancin mutane ba su sani ba shi ne Shekaru goma da suka gabata Rosalind Franklin tuni ya gano ɗayan hoton.
Wannan hoton sananne ne azaman hoto na 51 kuma shine maɓalli don sanin komai game da DNA. Wannan matar an haife ta ne a gundumar Kensington, da ke Landan, a cikin shekarar 1920. Mahaifinta ya kula da bai wa dukkan yaransa ilimi mafi kyau kuma wannan ya sa Rosalind ya sami damar daukar nauyin karatun firamare da sakandare a makarantu masu zaman kansu. Tun da ƙaramar yarinyar ta tabbatar da cewa ita yarinya ce mai hankali kuma tana da sha'awar ban sha'awa na kimiyya.
Daga cikin karatun Rosalind Franklin mun sami kasancewarta a cikin laccocin Einstein da yawa kuma tana da manufar sadaukar da rayuwarsa ga hidimar kimiyya. Ya fara karatu a jami'a kuma ya zama mai sha'awar ilimin kimiya, ilimin lissafi, da lissafi. Da farko, mahaifin Rosalind, ganin tana son yin karatun kimiyya, sai ya ƙi yarda a fili. Kuma shine a lokacin da mata basu iya sadaukar da kansu ga bincike ba. Shi wannan mahaifin ya karanci ilimin kimiyya kuma ya koyi Jamusanci don ya yi ƙoƙari ya zama ƙwararren masanin kimiyya. Duk da wannan, bai iya yarda cewa 'yarsa dole ta sadaukar da kanta ga bincike ba.
Rikice-rikice da dangi
Wannan rikice-rikicen da tarurrukan zamantakewar suka haifar ya haifar mata da babbar matsala wajen iya karatun abin da take so. Mahaifinta da ita sun yi la'akari da cewa ilimi muhimmiyar mahimmanci ne na ci gaban mutum da ci gaban al'umma. Duk da rikice-rikice da dangi, Rosalind Franklin ya kasance mai hankali da azama. Duk wannan ya ƙara gaskiyar cewa iyayensa suna ci gaba a cikin ɗabi'a ya iya nazarin abin da yake so.
A ƙarshe ta sami damar yin rajista a kwalejin mata ta Cambridge a cikin 1938. Ta ɗauki jarabawar shiga cikin kimiyyar lissafi da ilmin sunadarai kuma ta sami damar yin karatun waɗannan fannoni. Saduwar farko ta Rosalind Franklin tare da kristallography tana cikin farkawa daga binciken Bragg. An nuna cewa lokacin da katako na X-ray ya wuce ta cikin gilashi, yana barin wani nau'in yajin aiki na ainihi. Idan kayi nazarin wadannan alamomin zaka ga yadda tsarin kwayar halittar lu'ulu'u yake da yadda ake daidaita kwayoyin halittarsa. Ofayan ci gaban da ya iya samu a duniyar kristallography shine ayi amfani da hasken rana don gano sifofin lu'ulu'u. Daga nan ne, ya yanke shawarar fahimtar da kansa yanayin nazarin abubuwa uku da ke karamin girma.
Rosalind Franklin Babban Ilimi
Dukda cewa karatun ta ya kasance a 1941, amma ta kasa samun digiri tun tana mace. Ya kasance mai wayo sosai kuma ta hanyar biyan diyya, kuma saboda kyakkyawan karatunsa ya sami girmamawa ta aji biyu. Waɗannan launuka sun nuna mata dacewa don iya aiwatar da aiki. Ya sami damar samun ƙaramin tallafin karatu na shekara guda don ya sami damar ci gaba da karatu a cikin sashen binciken kimiyyar masana'antu da kuma samun digiri na uku. An ba da wannan karatun ne ga ɗalibin ɗan gudun hijirar daga Yaƙin Duniya na II. Wannan saboda mahaifinsa ya nemi ya ba da wannan kudin ga wanda ya cancanta.
Karimci ya kasance saboda gaskiyar cewa a cikin 1939 dangin Franklin sun kusa matsowa cikin Norway tun lokacin da Yaƙin Duniya na II ya fara kan hanyarsu ta komawa gida.
Da zarar an sanya ta a cikin sashen binciken kimiyyar masana’antu, ta yi sa’a sosai. Kuma shine ya sami damar yin aiki tare da Ronald Norrish masanin kimiyyar lissafi wanda ya kasance majagaba a fannin daukar hoto kuma ya sami kyautar Nobel. Baya ga gaskiyar cewa Rosalind Franklin ta ji daɗin aikinta, ta yi farin ciki ƙwarai. Zai iya zama da kansa a cikin gidan haya kuma a can zai iya karɓar abokansa kuma ya more lokacin hutu. Duk wannan ya taimaka masa ya zama mai daidaituwa a aikinsa kuma ya more rayuwa.
Ya sami damar karɓar aiki a kan gawayi, wanda ya zama mai mai da mahimmancin gaske tunda an yi amfani da shi azaman tacewa a ɗakunan gas. Zan iya bincika gawayi kala daban-daban kuma na ba da gudummawa ga ƙera mashin mai amfani da gas
Nasarorin kimiyya
A cikin waɗannan shekarun, mutane ƙalilan ne aka ba su digirin digirgir. Rosalind Franklin na ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka sami damar samun digirin-digirgir duk da kasancewarta mace. Aikinta kan tsarin carbon da graphite ya taimaka mata wajen samun digirin digirgir a fannin kimiyyar lissafi da ilmin sunadarai. Ya kuma ba da yanayin aikin da aka gabatar masa kuma ya yanke shawarar barin Ingila. Ya sami damar tafiya Faransa kuma ya sami babban aiki. Godiya ga Adrienne Weill, almajirin Marie Curie, Ya iya magana da Faransanci kuma ya koyi game da ayyuka daban-daban.
Kamar yadda kuke gani, mata suma sun sami damar bayar da gudummawa ga ɗimbin bayanai a kimiyance kuma suna taimakawa ci gabanta. Ina fatan cewa tare da wannan bayanin zaku iya koyo game da Rosalind Franklin da tarihinta.