Zazzabi adadi ne na zahiri da ke da alaƙa da matsakaicin kuzarin motsa jiki na barbashi waɗanda suka haɗa wani abu ko tsari. Mafi girman makamashin motsi, mafi girman zafin jiki. Har ila yau, muna yin la'akari da yanayin zafi kamar yadda abin da muke ji game da jikinmu da yanayin waje, misali lokacin da muka taɓa abubuwa ko jin iska. Duk da haka, dangane da mahallin da aka yi amfani da shi, akwai nau'o'in daban-daban raka'a zafin jiki.
A cikin wannan labarin za mu yi magana game da nau'ikan nau'ikan zafin jiki daban-daban, halayen su, da yawa da mahimmancin su.
Ma'aunin zafi da raka'a
Akwai nau'ikan ma'auni daban-daban don auna zafin jiki. Mafi yawanci sune:
- Ma'aunin zafin jiki na Celsius. Har ila yau, an san shi da "ma'aunin centigrade" kuma shine mafi yawan amfani da shi. A kan wannan sikelin, wurin daskarewa na ruwa yana daidai da 0 ° C (digiri na sifili) kuma wurin tafasa shine 100 ° C.
- Ma'aunin Fahrenheit. Wannan shine ma'aunin da ake amfani da shi a yawancin ƙasashen masu magana da Ingilishi. A kan wannan sikelin, ruwa yana da wurin daskarewa na 32°F (digiri talatin da biyu Fahrenheit) da wurin tafasa na 212°F.
- Kelvin ma'auni. Hanya ce ta aunawa da aka saba amfani da ita a kimiyyance, kuma “cikakkiyar sifili” an saita shi azaman sifili, wato abu baya fitar da zafi, wanda yayi daidai da -273,15 °C (Celsius).
- Matsayin Rankine. Ma'aunin zafin jiki ne da aka saba amfani dashi a cikin Amurka kuma ana siffanta shi azaman ma'aunin digiri Fahrenheit sama da cikakkiyar sifili, don haka babu mummunan ko ƙananan dabi'u.
Yaya ake auna zafin jiki?
- Ana auna zafin jiki ta ma'aunin zafin jiki, wato, raka'a daban-daban suna wakiltar yanayin zafi akan ma'auni daban-daban. Don haka, ana amfani da na’urar da ake kira “thermometer”, wacce iri-iri ce ta la’akari da yanayin da za a auna, kamar:
- fadadawa da raguwa. Akwai ma'aunin zafi da sanyio don auna iskar gas (ma'aunin zafi da sanyio na iskar gas), ruwa (ma'aunin zafi na mercury), da daskararru (ruwa ko bimetallic silinda thermometers), waxannan abubuwa ne da ke faɗaɗa a yanayin zafi mai ƙarfi ko kwangila a ƙananan zafin jiki.
- canji a juriya. Juriya yana canzawa bisa ga zafin da suka samu. Don aunawa, ana amfani da ma'aunin zafin jiki na juriya, kamar na'urori masu auna firikwensin (dangane da juriya mai iya juyar da canjin lantarki zuwa canjin yanayin zafi) da na'urorin lantarki (samar da ƙarfin tuƙi).
- Thermal radiation thermometer. Za a iya auna al'amuran hasken da masana'antu ke fitarwa ta hanyar na'urori masu auna zafin jiki irin su infrared pyrometer (don auna yanayin sanyi sosai) da pyrometer na gani (don auna yanayin zafi a cikin tanderu da narkakken karafa).
- damar wutar lantarki. Haɗin ƙarfe daban-daban guda biyu wanda yanayin zafi daban-daban ya shafa dangane da juna yana haifar da ƙarfin lantarki, wanda aka canza zuwa ƙarfin lantarki kuma ana auna shi cikin volts.
Ma'auni na raka'a zafin jiki
Lokacin da muke magana game da zafin jiki, muna magana ne game da wani adadin zafi da jiki ya sha ko kuma ya saki. Yana da mahimmanci kada ku dame zafin jiki tare da zafi. Zafi wani nau'i ne na makamashi a cikin sufuri. Jiki ko tsarin ba ya da zafi, yana sha ko ya ba da shi. Madadin haka, yana da yanayin zafi da ke da alaƙa da kwararar zafi.
Daga ra'ayi na kimiyyar lissafi, zafi da aka canjawa wuri zuwa tsarin ko jiki yana samar da ayyukan kwayoyin halitta, tashin hankali (ko motsi) na kwayoyin. Lokacin da muka auna zafin jiki, muna auna motsi wanda a zahiri muke fahimta azaman zafi amma ainihin kuzarin motsi ne.
ma'aunin zafin jiki Yana da mahimmanci a fannoni da yawa na kimiyya, fasaha, masana'antu da likitanci.. A cikin masana'antu, alal misali, ma'aunin zafin jiki yana da mahimmanci a cikin tsarin masana'antu, wanda ya zama dole don sarrafa zafin jiki na kayan aiki da samfurori don tabbatar da samar da inganci. Hakanan ana yin ma'auni na raka'a zafin jiki a cikin adana abinci da magunguna, tunda yana iya shafar inganci da amincin samfuran.
A magani, Yana da kayan aiki mai mahimmanci don ganewar asali da maganin cututtuka. Zazzabi alama ce da ke nuna cewa jiki yana yaƙar kamuwa da cuta ko wata cuta. Auna zafin jiki zai iya taimakawa wajen sanin ko mutum yana da zazzabi don haka yana buƙatar magani.
Auna zafin jiki wani abu ne na al'ada a fannin kimiyya da bincike. A cikin ilimin kimiyyar lissafi, ana amfani da zafin jiki don auna ƙarfin zafin jiki na kayan, wanda zai iya haifar da tasirin wutar lantarki, danko, da sauran abubuwan halayen kayan. A cikin ilmin taurari, auna zafin jikin sararin samaniya zai iya taimaka wa masana kimiyya su fahimci hani da juyin halitta a sararin samaniya.
nau'in zafin jiki
An raba zafin jiki zuwa:
- Busassun zafin jiki. Yanayin zafin iska ne ba tare da la'akari da motsinsa ko yawan zafi ba. Ana auna shi da farin ma'aunin zafin jiki na mercury don hana shi shan radiation. A haƙiƙa, zafin jiki ne muke aunawa da ma'aunin zafi da sanyio na mercury.
- zafin jiki mai haske. Yana auna zafin da abubuwa ke fitarwa, gami da hasken rana. Don haka zafin jiki mai haske zai bambanta dangane da ko kuna harbi a rana ko a cikin inuwa.
- m zafin jiki. Don auna wannan zafin jiki, sararin ma'aunin zafi da sanyio yana nannade cikin auduga mai ɗanɗano. Sabili da haka, idan yanayin yanayi ya yi girma, yanayin zafi da bushewa zai kasance iri ɗaya, amma ƙananan yanayin zafi tsakanin yanayin da kwan fitila, ƙananan zafin jiki.
Abubuwan da ke canza yanayin zafi
Tsayi
Tsayi yana daya daga cikin abubuwan da ke canza yanayin zafi. Matsakaicin ma'auni shine cewa zafin jiki yana raguwa 6,5 ° C a kowace kilomita, wanda shine 1 ° C ga kowane mita 154.. Wannan ya faru ne saboda raguwar matsa lamba na yanayi tare da tsayi, wanda ke nufin ƙananan ƙwayar iska mai kama da zafi. Koyaya, yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa wannan canjin zafin jiki shima ya dogara da wasu dalilai kamar hasken rana, iska, da zafi.
Latitude
Mafi girman latitude, ƙananan zafin jiki. Latitude shine nisa na kusurwa daga wuri akan saman Duniya zuwa madaidaicin digiri 0 (madaidaicin). Tunda tazarar angular ce, ana auna ta da digiri.
Mafi girman latitude, wato, mafi girman nisa zuwa equator, ƙananan zafin jiki. Wannan shi ne saboda a cikin equator, saman duniya yana karɓar hasken rana kai tsaye, yayin da a kan sandarka (mafi girman latitudes), haskoki suna zuwa tangertily, na ɗan gajeren lokaci. Don haka, a kusa da equator, yanayin yana dumama yayin da kankara ke taruwa a sanduna.
Nahiyar Afirka
Wani abin da ke shafar zafin jiki shine nisa zuwa teku, wanda aka sani da continentality. Iskar da ta fi kusa da teku ta fi ɗanɗano, don haka zai iya kula da kwanciyar hankali na tsawon lokaci. Sabanin haka, iskar da ta fi girma daga teku ta fi bushewa, don haka bambancin zafin rana da dare ko haske da inuwa ya fi girma. Don haka, ana iya samun yanayin zafi na digiri ashirin ko fiye a yankunan hamada.
Ina fatan da wannan bayanin zaku iya ƙarin koyo game da raka'a zafin jiki da amfaninsu.