Ofaya daga cikin ma'aunin lokacin ilimin kasa wancan gyara Precambrian shi ne Proterozoic. Aeon ne wanda ya fara kimanin shekaru biliyan 2500 da suka gabata kuma ya kasance har zuwa shekaru miliyan 542 da suka gabata. A wannan lokacin akwai manyan canje-canje masu girma a doron ƙasa, daga cikinsu zamu lissafa bayyanar halittun farko masu ɗauke da hotuna da kuma ƙaruwar iskar oxygen a cikin yanayi. Wannan yana nufin, a lokacin wannan Eon duniyarmu ta sami wurin zama.
A cikin wannan labarin zamu gaya muku duk halaye, ilimin ƙasa, yanayi, fure da fauna na Proterozoic Eon.
Babban fasali
Daga cikin manyan halayen da suka fi yawa a cikin Proterozoic da muke samu kasancewar cratons a duniyarmu. Wadannan cratons ba komai bane face cibiyoyin da nahiyoyi suke. Wato, katako shine sifa na farko wanda daga wannan ne za'a iya ƙirƙirar kuma ƙirƙirar shelvesan nahiyoyin duniya. Wadannan katako sun kasance ne da duwatsu na gargajiya. Tsoffin waɗannan duwatsu sun kasance daga shekaru miliyan 570 zuwa shekaru giga 3.5.
Babban halayen da cratons suke da shi shine basa shan wahala kowane irin karayar samuwar a tsawon shekaru. Waɗannan su ne wuraren da suka fi karko a cikin dunƙulen duniya. Hakanan zamu iya ganin cewa yayin baƙuwar stromatolites na Proterozoic. Sigogi ne da kananan kwayoyin halitta suka samar da sanadarin sunadarin carbonate. Wadannan stromatolites masana kimiyya sun dade suna nazarin su kuma an gano cewa ba wai kawai suna da cyanobacteria ba amma akwai wasu kwayoyin kamar su fungi, kwari, jan algae, da dai sauransu.
Wadannan stromatolites suna samar da bayanan ilimin kasa wanda ke da matukar mahimmanci wajan nazarin rayuwar duniya. Wani halayyar da Proterozoic yayi fice dashi shine karuwar iskar oxygen a cikin sararin samaniya. Godiya ga wannan ƙaruwar oxygen a cikin sararin samaniya, za a iya aiwatar da babban aikin nazarin halittu. Iskar oksijin da ke sararin samaniya bai kai wani muhimmin matsayi ba amma yana ci gaba da taimakawa wajen inganta yaduwar kwayoyin.
Akwai babban abin da ya faru ko ɗayan mahimmancin gaske da mahimmancin gaske wanda ya haɗa da jerin abubuwan da suka shafi wannan ƙaruwa na iskar oxygen. Kuma wannan shine adadin oxygen ya wuce matsakaicin adadin da halayen sunadarai zasu iya sha. An shafi kwayoyin halittar anaerobic kai tsaye kuma al'ummominsu sun fara raguwa.. Waɗannan kwayoyin an kira su methanogens, tunda babban tushen abincin su shine methane. Wannan bacewar methane yana da sakamako a matakin canjin yanayi wanda ya haifar da zafin duniya ya ragu sosai.
Nazarin ilimin Proterozoic
Akwai ƙaramin bayani game da wannan Eon, amma an san cewa canje-canje na farko sun kasance a matakin tectonics na faranti. A waccan lokacin duniyar tamu tana juyawa da sauri fiye da yau. Wannan ya sanya yini a Duniya tsawon awanni 20 kawai. Akasin haka, motsi na fassarar yana da saurin hankali fiye da yanzu. Saboda haka, shekara cikakke kwana 450 ne.
An sami babban bayani daga duwatsu daga Proterozoic. Wadannan duwatsu sun sami nakasu sakamakon tasirin yashewa, kodayake ana iya ceton wasu da wahala wani canji.
Flora da fauna na Proterozoic
A wannan lokacin ne farkon sifofin halittu masu rai suka fara bunkasa sosai bayan bayyanar su yayin Archaic. Godiya ce ga canjin da ya faru a sararin samaniya cewa rayayyun halittu sun sami damar yaduwa da yadawa cikin yankin. Tsarin halittu da kansu an fara kirkirar su kuma flora da fauna na kowane yanayin ƙasa sun haɓaka. Wannan ya faru ne saboda tsarin kwayar halitta wanda zai kasance yayin da dabba ko tsirrai suka dace da yanayin muhalli daban-daban.
Kwayoyin halittar Prokaryotic sun fara bunkasa yayin Archaic, amma sun ci gaba gaba yayin Proterozoic. Daga cikin waɗannan ƙwayoyin halittar prokaryotic zamu sami koren algae da aka sani da cyanobacteria da kuma kwayar cutar gabaɗaya.
A lokacin shudewar lokaci na wannan Eon zamu iya ganin cewa farkon kwayoyin halittar eukaryotic sun bayyana wanda tuni sunada wata cibiya. Koren algae na farko na ajin Chlorophytas da jan algae na ajin Rodhophytas sune suka fara bayyana. Duk azuzuwan algae suna da salula mai yawan hoto da hotuna. Ta hanyar aiwatar da hotunan hoto, sun taimaka wajen fitar da iskar oxygen cikin yanayi.
Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa duk rayayyun halittu da suka rayu a lokacin Proterozoic Eon sun yi hakan ne a cikin yanayin ruwa. Kuma shine Tekun shine inda aka sami mafi ƙarancin yanayin da suke buƙatar rayuwa.
Game da fauna, za mu iya cewa a wannan lokacin wasu ƙwayoyin halittar da a yau ake ganin ba su da evolan samo asali ba, kamar su soso. Zai yiwu a dawo da burbushin dabbobi waɗanda suke cikin rukuni mai yawa wanda suke jellyfish, murjani, polyps da kuma anemones. Babban halayen waɗannan rukunin dabbobi shine cewa suna da yanayin haske.
Tabbas kun taɓa jin labarin Ubangiji Ediacara fauna. Wannan shine gano burbushin halittun da suka wakilci farkon halittun da aka sani a wannan duniyar tamu. Burbushin fure-fure da anemones da kuma wasu nau'ikan halittu an lura dasu wadanda har yanzu suna birge masana burbushin halittu.
Clima
A farkon Proterozoic sauyin yanayi ya daidaita. Yanayin sararin samaniya yana nufin yawan gas masu gurɓataccen gurɓataccen gurɓataccen gurɓataccen gurɓataccen gurɓataccen yanayi, wanda iskar gas ɗin methane ke fitarwa. Koyaya, bayan ci gaban cyanobacteria da kuma samar da kwayoyin halittu masu daukar hoto, sun haifar da sakin iskar oxygen mai yawa. Wannan ya haifar da raguwar iskar methane daga sararin samaniya ta hanyar mutuwar ƙwayoyin halittar anaerobic. Don rage yawan iskar gas a cikin sararin samaniya, an adana ƙaramin hasken rana, don haka yanayin duniya ya ragu.
A lokacin Proterozoic akwai glaciations da yawa. Mafi lalacewa shine lokacin kankara na Huronian. Wannan kankara ya faru shekaru miliyan 2.000 da suka gabata kuma ya haifar da bacewar halittun anaerobic wadanda suke wanzu a lokacin.
Proteinzoic Aeon yafi rarrabuwa zuwa zamani 3: Ya kasance Paleoproterozoic, ya kasance Mesoproterozoic, kuma ya kasance Neoproterozoic.
Ina fatan cewa tare da wannan bayanin zaku iya koyo game da Proterozoic.