Yanayin iyakacin duniya

Shin kun taɓa yin mamaki yaya yanayin polar yake? Mun san cewa akwai sanyi sosai, cewa an rufe shimfidar ƙasa da dusar ƙanƙara a mafi yawan shekara, amma ... me yasa haka haka? Menene ainihin mafi ƙarancin kuma mafi yawan yanayin zafi waɗanda aka rubuta a wuraren da suke da irin wannan yanayin?

A wannan musamman zan gaya muku duk game da yanayin polar, mafi tsananin sanyi a duniya.

Halaye na yanayin polar

Yanayin iyakacin duniya yana da kusan kusan koyaushe yanayin zafi da ke ƙasa 0ºC, kasancewa iya isowa har zuwa -93ºC (a Arewacin Pole), tunda hasken rana ya iso sosai game da yanayin duniya. Ruwan sama yana da ƙaranci, ƙarancin danshi yana da ƙasa ƙwarai kuma iska tana busawa tare da tsananin ƙarfi har zuwa 97km / h, don haka zama anan ba shi yiwuwa (duk da cewa, kamar yadda za mu gani a ƙasa, akwai wasu dabbobi da tsire-tsire waɗanda suka sami damar daidaitawa da wannan yanayin maƙiya).

Rana a sanduna na haskakawa har na tsawon watanni shida (bazara da bazara). Wadannan watanni ana san su da sunan »Ranar mara nauyi». Amma a sauran shidan (kaka da damuna) ya kasance a ɓoye, wanda shine dalilin da yasa aka san shi da suna »Daren Polar".

Misali na yanayin zafin rana polar

Don samun cikakken haske game da yadda yanayin yanayi yake a waɗannan yankuna na duniya, bari mu ɗauki tsaunin Svalbard a matsayin misali, wanda tsibiri ne wanda ke cikin Tekun Glacial Arctic. Watan da ya fi damuna shi ne Agusta, yana faduwa kimanin 25mm, kuma mafi bushe shi ne Mayu, yana faduwa kimanin 15mm; mafi dumi duk da haka shine Yuni, tare da zafin jiki na 6-7ºC, kuma mafi sanyi Janairu, tare da -16ºC.

A ina yake?

A duniyar duniyar akwai manyan yankuna biyu masu sanyi, tsakanin 65º da 90º arewa da kudu latitude, waɗanda suke Arewa Pole da kuma Kudancin Kudu. A farkon, mun sami Arctic Circle, kuma a cikin na biyu, Antarctic Circle. Amma a wasu yankuna masu tsaunuka masu yawa, kamar taron tsaunukan Himalayas, da Andes ko tsaunukan Alaska, akwai yanayi mai kama da na polar, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa galibi aka haɗa su da wakilcin ƙasa na yanayin polar.

Nau'in yanayi na iyakacin duniya

Kodayake muna iya tunanin cewa yanayi guda daya ne na yanayi, amma a zahiri an raba shi zuwa biyu:

• tundra: ita ce wacce tsiron baya girma sosai; yawancinsu gajerun ciyawa ne. Yayin da muke matsowa kusa da sandunan polar, zamu sami wuri mai faɗi wanda kusan babu fure. Dabbobi iri-iri da dabbobi suna zaune anan, kamar su polar bear.
• Ice ko glacial: yayi dace da tsayin da yafi 4.700m. Yanayin zafin jiki yayi ƙasa ƙwarai: koyaushe yana ƙasa da digiri 0.

Yanayi a Antarctica

An yi ƙarancin ƙimar ɗimbin zafi sosai a cikin Antarctica. Yanayin tundra yana faruwa a yankunan bakin teku da kuma yankin tekun Antarctic, kuma matsakaita yanayin zafi a lokacin watan bazara digiri 0 ne, kuma a lokacin hunturu mafi ƙarancin zai iya sauka zuwa -83ºC, har ma da ƙari. Matsakaicin zafin jiki a kowace shekara shine -17ºC.

Ba ya karɓar fitilun rana da yawa, kuma, har zuwa 90% na shi yana nuna ta kankara, don haka hana farfajiyar daga zafi. Saboda wannan dalili, ana kiran Antarctica da "Firinjin duniya."

Yanayi a Yankin Arctic

Yanayin da ke cikin Arctic yana da matuƙar wuce gona da iri, amma bai kai na Antarctic ba. Winters suna da sanyi sosai, tare da yanayin zafin da zai iya sauka zuwa -45ºC, har ma zuwa -68ºC. A lokacin bazara, wanda yakai makonni shida zuwa goma, zafin jiki ya fi kyau a 10ºC.

Danshi yana da ƙasa ƙwarai, sai dai lokacin bazara a yankunan bakin teku. Yawan zafin jiki na sauran shekara yana da sanyi sosai, kuma da kyar ruwan yake ƙafewa. Hakazalika, ruwan sama ya yi karanci, musamman lokacin hunturu.

Polar flora

Polar flora tana da halin ƙarami kaɗan. Iskokin suna hurawa da tsananin ƙarfi, saboda haka ya zama wajibi a tsaya kusa da ƙasa kamar yadda zai yiwu. Amma ba sauki bane, tunda kusan a duk shekara ana yin sanyi. Don haka, bishiyoyin ba za su iya rayuwa ba, don haka aka mallaki ƙaramin ƙasar da tsirrai za su iya mallaka mosses, lichens y goge.

Ana iya samun ciyayi kawai a cikin tundra, Tunda a cikin farin hamada na yankuna masu ƙarancin yanayi yanayin bai dace da rayuwa ba.

Polar fauna

Polar fauna tana da halin gaggawa don kare kanta daga tsananin sanyi. Don cimma wannan, sun ɗauki nau'i daban-daban, misali: akwai wadanda suke da babbar riga kuma suna tara kitse a karkashin ruwa; akwai wasu kuma da suke gina ramuka ko kuma wasu tashoshi na karkashin kasa, kuma akwai wasu da suka gwammace yin hijira.

Daga cikin mafi wakiltar fauna muna da polar Bears, wanda shine mafi yawan dabbobi masu shayarwa a cikin Arctic, da ƙyarkeci, da musk sa, ko dusar ƙanƙara. Hakanan akwai dabbobi na cikin ruwa, kamar su like, Kerkeken Tekun, ko sharks, kamar su Somniosus microcephalus wanda ke ciyar da beyar belar.

Kuma da wannan muka gama. Me kuka yi tunani game da bayanan yanayi?