Haɗin haɗin cikin sarkar abincin teku yana farawa da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda aka sani da plankton. Wannan shine farkon jerin abubuwanda ke dauke akan kananan kwayoyin dake aiwatar da hotuna da kuma zama tushen abinci ga halittun ruwa da yawa. Wannan katako yana da mahimmancin gaske don cigaban halittu da rayuwar ruwa.
Sabili da haka, zamu ƙaddamar da wannan labarin don gaya muku abin da plankton yake, yadda yake da mahimmanci, da kuma manyan halayensa.
Menene plankton
Plankton rukuni ne na ƙwayoyin halitta waɗanda ke shawagi a cikin raƙuman ruwan teku. Kalmar plankton na nufin mai yawo ko ɓata gari. Wannan rukunin kwayoyin yana da yawa sosai, ya banbanta kuma yana da mazaunin ruwa mai kyau da na ruwa. A wasu wurare zasu iya kaiwa ga yawan mutane har tiriliyan ɗaya kuma zasu haɓaka cikin tekunan da suke da sanyi. A wasu tsarin lentic kamar su tabkuna, kududdufai ko kwantena waɗanda ruwa suke hutawa, zamu iya samun plankton.
Akwai nau'ikan plankton daban-daban gwargwadon abincin su da nau'ikan fasalin su. Zamu raba tsakanin su:
- Yankin phytoplankton: Nau'in tsarin plankton ne wanda yake da kamanceceniya da shuke-shuke tunda suna samun kuzari da kwayoyin halitta ta hanyar aiwatar da hotuna. Yana da ikon rayuwa a cikin rufin ruwan fotos, wato, ɓangaren teku ko ruwa inda yake karɓar hasken rana kai tsaye. Zai iya wanzuwa zurfin kimanin mita 200 inda adadin hasken rana ke ƙara ƙasa da ƙasa. Wannan phytoplankton an hada shi yafi na cyanobacteria, diatoms, da dinoflagellates.
- Tsakar Gida: Tsarin plankton ne na yanayin dabba wanda yake cinye jikin phytoplankton da sauran kwayoyin halittar dake cikin rukuni daya. Ya ƙunshi musamman daga ɓawon burodi, jellyfish, larvae na kifi da sauran ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta. Wadannan kwayoyin za a iya bambance su gwargwadon lokacin rayuwa. Akwai wasu kwayoyin halitta wadanda suke bangaren plankton a duk tsawon rayuwarsa kuma ana kiransu holoplankton. A gefe guda kuma, waɗanda wasu ɓangarori ne kawai na zooplankton yayin wani lokaci a rayuwarsu (galibi idan ya kasance matakin larva) an san su da sunan meroplankton.
- Bacterioplankton: Irin wannan plankton din ne wanda wasu gungun kwayoyin cuta suka kirkira. Babban aikin su shine lalata kayan kwalliya kuma suna da muhimmiyar rawa a cikin kewayen halittun biogeochemical na wasu abubuwa kamar carbon, nitrogen, oxygen da phosphorus. Hakanan yana shiga cikin sarkokin abinci.
- Virioplankton: duk waɗannan ƙwayoyin cuta ne na cikin ruwa. Su galibi sun ƙunshi ƙwayoyin cuta na bacteriophage da wasu algae na eukaryotic. Babban aikinta shine sake tantance abubuwan gina jiki a cikin hawan biogeochemical da kuma kasancewa wani ɓangare na sarkar trophic.
Halayen ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta
Yawancin kwayoyin halitta a cikin plankton suna da ƙananan ƙarami. Wannan ya sa ba zai yiwu a gani da ido ba. Matsakaicin girman waɗannan ƙwayoyin suna tsakanin 60 microns da mm. Daban-daban na plankton da zasu iya wanzu a cikin ruwa sune masu zuwa:
- Matsakaicin: suna da kimanin micron 5 a girma. Su ne ƙananan ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda suka haɗa da ƙwayoyin cuta da ƙananan fuskoki. Alamar alamar ita ce waɗancan ƙwayoyin halitta waɗanda ke da tuta.
- Nanoplankton: Suna da kusan mitres 5 zuwa 60 a girma kuma sun kunshi microalgae unicellular kamar ƙananan diatoms da coccolithophores.
- Microplankton: Suna da girman girma tsakanin microns 60 da millimita 1. Anan zamu sami wasu microalgae unicellular, mollusk larvae da curepods.
- Harshen Mesoplankton: wannan girman kwayoyin halitta kuma idanuwan mutum na iya gani. Yana tsakanin 1 da 5 mm a girma kuma an hada shi da tsutsar kifi.
- Macroplankton: girmanta tsakanin milimita 5 da 10 santimita. Sargasso, salps da jellyfish sun shigo nan.
- Megaloplankton: su ne wadancan kwayoyin wadanda suka fi girma fiye da inci 10. Anan muna da jellyfish.
Dukkanin kwayoyin dake cikin plankton suna da siffofin jiki daban daban kuma suna amsa bukatun yanayin da suke rayuwa a ciki. Ofayan waɗannan buƙatun jiki shine ruɓuwa ko ƙarancin ruwa. A gare su, yanayin ruwa yana da kuzari kuma yana haifar musu da buƙatar shawo kan juriya domin motsawa ta cikin ruwa.
Akwai dabaru da dabaru da yawa wadanda suka inganta ruwa mai shawagi don kara yiwuwar samun rayuwa. Areaara girman farfajiyar jiki, haɗa ƙwayayen mai a cikin cytoplasm, zubar makamai, kayan ƙyama da sauran kayan aiki dabaru ne da dabaru daban-daban don iya rayuwa zuwa wurare daban-daban na ruwa da na ruwa. Akwai wasu kwayoyin
Cewa suna da damar iya ruwa mai kyau kuma abin godiya ne ga flagella da sauran kayan haɗi na locomotive kamar su juriya. Danko na ruwa yana canzawa da zafin jiki. Kodayake ba mu nuna kanmu da ido ba, ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta suna lura da shi. A cikin yankuna masu dumi ruwa mai ƙarancin ruwa yana ƙasa. Wannan yana shafan faɗuwar mutane. A saboda wannan dalili, diatoms sun haɓaka cyclomorphosis, wanda shine damar haɓaka siffofin jiki daban-daban a lokacin rani da hunturu don daidaitawa da ƙanshin ruwa azaman aikin zafin jiki.
Mahimmancin plankton
Koyaushe ana faɗar cewa plankton muhimmin abu ne a cikin kowane mazaunin teku. Mahimmancinsa ya ta'allaka ne da sarkar abinci. Labari ne game da ƙungiyar ƙwayoyin cuta inda aka kafa hanyoyin sadarwar tsakanin masu kerawa, masu sayayya da lalata abubuwa. Phytoplankton na iya canza hasken rana zuwa makamashin da ake samu ga masu amfani da kuma masu lalata kayan.
Phytoplankton suna cinyewa ta zooplankton kuma, bi da bi, da masu cin nama da abubuwa masu ban sha'awa. Waɗannan sune masu cin abincin wasu kwayoyin kuma lalata abubuwa suna amfani da gawar. Wannan shine yadda dukkanin jerin abinci suke tasowa a cikin wuraren zama na ruwa. Kasancewa mahaɗin farko a cikin dukkanin wannan sarkar, plankton ya zama mafi mahimmin mahimmanci ga rayuwar rayuwar marine.
Ina fatan cewa tare da wannan bayanin zaku iya koyo game da plankton da mahimmancin sa a cikin halittun cikin ruwa.