Mun san cewa daga cikin nau'ikan makamashin da ake iya sabuntawa da ke wanzuwa a duniya, hasken rana shine mafi ci gaba kuma sananne. Wurin da ake canza hasken rana zuwa makamashin lantarki don samun damar amfani da shi yana cikin photovoltaic shuka. Akwai nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan wutar lantarki na photovoltaic kuma kowannensu yana da halaye da damarsa.
A cikin wannan labarin za mu gaya muku game da halaye na tsire-tsire na photovoltaic, nau'ikan da suke da su da kuma fa'idodin da suke da shi game da tsire-tsire masu samar da makamashi bisa tushen burbushin halittu.
Halayen tsire-tsire na photovoltaic
Tsire-tsire na photovoltaic shine tashar wutar lantarki wanda ke amfani da tasirin photovoltaic don canza hasken rana zuwa makamashin lantarki. Tasirin photovoltaic yana faruwa a lokacin da photons suka buga wani abu kuma suna sarrafa don maye gurbin electrons, ƙirƙirar halin yanzu kai tsaye.
wani photovoltaic shuka Ainihin ya ƙunshi kayan aikin hotovoltaic da inverters. Ƙungiyoyin Photovoltaic suna da alhakin canza hasken rana. Bi da bi, inverter yana jujjuya wutar lantarki kai tsaye zuwa madaidaicin ikon yanzu tare da halaye masu kama da na grid.
A irin wannan nau'in tsarin hasken rana, ana shigar da duk wutar lantarki da aka samar a cikin hanyar rarrabawa. Wannan aikin yana haifar da ingantaccen aiki na na'urar, tunda ana amfani da duk makamashin da aka samar ta wannan hanyar.
Mafi girman tsire-tsire na photovoltaic a duniya shine Bhadla Solar Park a Indiya tare da ikon shigar da 2.245 MW. Jimlar kuɗin shigarwa shine Yuro miliyan 1.200. Ana ɗaukar makamashin photovoltaic a matsayin tushen makamashi mai tsabta saboda baya haifar da gurɓataccen iskar gas.
Babban abubuwan gyara
Babban abubuwan da kowane nau'in tsire-tsire na photovoltaic dole ne ya kasance, ba tare da la'akari da nau'in shi ba, sune kamar haka:
- Masu amfani da hasken rana: Ƙungiyoyin Photovoltaic sune kashin baya na shuka irin wannan. Sun ƙunshi sel na hotovoltaic waɗanda ke ɗaukar kuzari daga hasken rana kuma su canza shi zuwa wutar lantarki kai tsaye.
- Masu zuba jari: Wutar lantarki da hasken rana ke samarwa kai tsaye ne, amma galibin na'urori da na'urorin lantarki suna amfani da alternating current. Masu inverters suna canza wutar lantarki daga kai tsaye zuwa wutar lantarki, suna mai da shi dacewa da amfani da gida da kuma haɗawa cikin wutar lantarki.
- Tsarin tallafi: Ana shigar da filayen hasken rana akan sifofi da aka ƙera don kiyaye su, suna tabbatar da madaidaicin daidaitawarsu zuwa rana da kuma kariya daga yanayin yanayi mara kyau.
- tsarin ajiya (na zaɓi): Wasu tsire-tsire na photovoltaic na iya haɗawa da tsarin ajiyar makamashi, irin su batura, don adana yawan wutar lantarki da aka samar a rana da kuma amfani da shi da dare ko a lokutan ƙarancin hasken rana.
- hasumiyar yanayi. A nan ne ake nazarin yanayin yanayi daban-daban don sanin adadin hasken rana da aka samu ko ake tsammanin samu.
- Larsin sufuri. Su ne layin da ke ɗaukar makamashin lantarki zuwa cibiyoyin amfani.
- Dakin sarrafawa: Yana da alhakin kula da wurin da duk abubuwan da ke aiki na photovoltaic shuka.
Ɗaya daga cikin mahimman abubuwan da ake amfani da su na wutar lantarki na photovoltaic shine cewa dole ne a daidaita kayan lantarki don yin la'akari da yuwuwar karuwa a cikin ikon da aka shigar na shuka a nan gaba.
Nau'in tsire-tsire na wutar lantarki na photovoltaic
Kamar yadda muka ambata a baya, akwai nau'o'in nau'in wutar lantarki na photovoltaic daban-daban dangane da buƙatun, wutar lantarki da sauran abubuwa masu yawa don la'akari. Bari mu ga manyan nau'ikan da ke akwai:
- Keɓaɓɓen tsire-tsire na hotovoltaic: Wadannan tsire-tsire suna cikin wurare masu nisa inda babu damar shiga tashar wutar lantarki ta al'ada. Suna amfani da hasken rana don samar da wutar lantarki da adana shi a cikin batura don amfani da su daga baya. Sun dace don aikace-aikace kamar gidajen gonaki, tashoshin yanayi, ko tayoyin kewayawa.
- Tsire-tsire na hoto mai haɗin grid: Wadannan tsire-tsire suna da alaƙa da tsarin rarraba wutar lantarki na al'ada. Suna samar da wutar lantarki mai girma kuma suna ciyar da ita kai tsaye zuwa cikin grid, ba da damar rarraba shi ga masu amfani. Waɗannan cibiyoyin na iya zama nau'i biyu:
- Manyan kamfanonin wutar lantarki na hotovoltaic: Wanda kuma aka fi sani da buɗaɗɗen tashar wutar lantarki ta hasken rana, an yi su ne da ɗimbin na’urorin hasken rana da aka shirya a kan wani babban yanki. Za su iya mamaye ƙasar da ba kowa ba, kamar sahara ko yankunan karkara, kuma suna samar da wutar lantarki mai yawa.
- Tsire-tsire na Photovoltaic akan rufin: Ana shigar da waɗannan tashoshin wutar lantarki a kan rufin ginin gidaje, kasuwanci ko masana'antu. Suna amfani da wuraren da ake da su a kan rufin don samar da wutar lantarki da ciyar da abinci na cikin gida ko ma shigar da makamashi mai yawa a cikin wutar lantarki.
- Tsire-tsire masu yawo na hotovoltaic: Ana gina waɗannan tsire-tsire a cikin jikunan ruwa, kamar tafkuna ko tafki. Fayilolin hasken rana suna shawagi a saman ruwa kuma suna samar da wutar lantarki. Wannan hanya tana da fa'idodi da yawa, kamar kiyaye ƙasa, rage ƙawancen ruwa, da yawan amfanin ƙasa saboda yanayin sanyaya ruwa.
- Tsirrai masu ɗaukar hoto masu ɗaukar hoto: An tsara waɗannan tsire-tsire don jigilar su kuma a tura su a wurare daban-daban daidai da bukatun. Yawancin lokaci ana amfani da su a cikin yanayin gaggawa ko a wuraren wucin gadi inda ake buƙatar wutar lantarki, kamar zango ko abubuwan waje.
Yadda tsire-tsire na photovoltaic ke aiki
A cikin ɗakin kulawa, ana kula da aikin duk kayan aikin shuka. A cikin dakin sarrafawa, yana karɓar bayanai daga hasumiya na meteorological, inverters, ɗakunan ajiya na yanzu, cibiyoyin substation, da dai sauransu. Tsarin juyawa na makamashin hasken rana na photovoltaic zuwa wutar lantarki shine kamar haka:
Canza makamashin hasken rana zuwa halin yanzu kai tsaye
Photocells ne ke da alhakin ɗaukar hasken rana da mayar da ita wutar lantarki. Yawancin lokaci, an yi su ne da silicon wani abu na semiconductor wanda ke taimakawa tasirin photoelectric. Lokacin da photon yayi karo da tantanin rana, ana fitar da lantarki. Ana samar da wutar lantarki a cikin nau'i na kai tsaye ta hanyar jimlar yawan electrons kyauta.
Ƙarfin samar da wutar lantarki zai dogara ne akan yanayin (radiation, zafi, zafin jiki ...). Dangane da yanayin yanayi a kowane lokaci, adadin hasken rana wanda sel na photovoltaic za su samu zai zama mai canzawa. Don haka, an gina hasumiya na yanayi a cikin masana'antar hasken rana.
Canza DC zuwa AC
Ƙungiyoyin Photovoltaic suna haifar da halin yanzu kai tsaye. Duk da haka, Ƙarfin wutar lantarki da ke yawo ta hanyar sadarwar watsawa yana yin haka ne ta hanyar canza yanayin halin yanzu. Don yin wannan, dole ne a canza halin yanzu kai tsaye zuwa alternating current.
Na farko, wutar lantarki daga hasken rana ana ciyar da ita zuwa majalisar DC. A cikin wannan majalisar ministocin, ana canza na yanzu zuwa alternating current ta hanyar inverter. Sannan ana isar da na yanzu zuwa majalisar AC.
Sufuri da samar da wutar lantarki
Zuwan yanzu a majalisar ministocin AC bai riga ya shirya don ciyar da grid ba. Saboda haka, wutar lantarki da aka samar ya wuce ta cibiyar jujjuyawar inda aka dace da yanayin wuta da ƙarfin lantarki na layin watsawa don amfani a cibiyar masu amfani.
Ina fatan cewa tare da wannan bayanin za ku iya ƙarin koyo game da yadda tsire-tsire na photovoltaic yake kama da halayensa.