Watanni biyu na Mars sune Phobos da Deimos. Wataƙila waɗannan watannin Mars an kama su asteroids daga babban bel ɗin taurarin da ke tsakanin Mars da Jupiter. Phobos Shi ne mafi girma a cikin watanni biyu na duniyar Mars, yana auna tsawon kilomita 13,4 a gefensa mafi tsawo, kilomita 11,2, da diamita kilomita 9,2. Yana yin juyi ɗaya kilomita 9380 daga tsakiyar duniyar Mars, ko ƙasa da kilomita 6000 daga saman, kowane awa 7,5. An gano tauraron dan adam ne a ranar 18 ga Agusta, 1877 ta Masanin Falaki na Amurka Asaph Hall (1829-1907).
A cikin wannan labarin za mu gaya muku duk abin da kuke buƙatar sani game da tauraron dan adam na Phobos, halayensa, ganowa da mahimmancinsa.
Babban fasali
Phobos, wanda sunansa yana nufin "tsoro" a cikin Hellenanci. An gano shi a cikin 1877 ta wurin Masanin Falaki na Amurka Asaph Hall. Shi ne tauraron dan adam mafi girma na duniyar Mars, amma har yanzu yana da karami idan aka kwatanta da sauran tauraron dan adam a cikin tsarin hasken rana, wanda diamita ya kai kusan kilomita 22.
Ɗaya daga cikin fitattun fasalulluka na Phobos shine siffar sa mara tsari da tsayin daka. An rufe samansa a cikin ramuka, yana nuna tashin hankali da ya gabata da tarihin ƙasa mai ban sha'awa. Bugu da ƙari, yana nuna ramuka da raƙuman ruwa, yana nuna cewa zai iya yin gyare-gyaren fasahohin da aka yi amfani da shi saboda karfin ruwa da aka haifar da karfin Martian.
Tafiyarta tana kusa da duniyar Mars. Yana da nisan kilomita 6,000 kacal daga saman duniya, wanda ba sabon abu bane ga tauraron dan adam. Wannan yana nufin haka Phobos ya kammala zagaye daya a kusa da duniyar Mars a cikin kusan awanni 7 da mintuna 39, da sauri fiye da lokacin da Mars ke ɗauka don jujjuya a kan nata axis.
Saboda kusancinsa da duniyar Mars, wannan tauraron dan adam yana fuskantar wani tsari na lalata sararin samaniya. A tsawon lokaci, ƙarfin Martian yana yin amfani da karfi wanda ke haifar da Phobos don matsawa kusa da duniya. Masana kimiyya sun yi imanin cewa, a cikin 'yan shekaru miliyan. Tauraron dan adam zai wargaje daga karshe saboda rugujewar ruwa kuma ya zama zobe a kusa da duniyar Mars.
Tashar sararin samaniyar Rasha, mai suna Phobos-Grunt, an yi niyya ne don sauka a kan Phobos, da tattara samfurori, a dawo da su duniya. Koyaya, aikin ya sami gazawar fasaha kuma ya kasa cimma manufarsa.
Phobos Stickney Crater
Wannan tauraron dan adam yana cike da ramuka masu tasiri, kamar duk abubuwan da ke cikin tsarin hasken rana. Tsawon kilomita 9 a diamita, dutsen Stickney shine mafi girman rami a kan wata na Martian kuma kusan rabin diamita na Phobos.
Ramin yana ɗauka Mai suna Chloe Angelina Stickney Hall, masanin lissafi kuma masanin sararin samaniya kuma matar Asaph Hall. Duk da ƙarancin nauyi (0,005 m/s²), ana iya ɗauka cewa abu daga meteorite wanda ya bugi Phobos a hankali ya zamewa bangon ramin. Tashoshin da aka gano a saman tauraron dan adam ba su kai zurfin mita 30 ba, fadin mita 100-200 kuma tsayinsa ya kai kilomita 20.
Phobos da kuma Deimos
Sunayen watanni biyu na Mars an samo su ne daga tatsuniyar Girkawa, Phobos (tsora) da Deimos (ta'addanci), tagwaye na allah Ares da allahiya Aphrodite. Deimos an rufe shi da wani kauri mai kauri na barbashi da tasirin meteorite ya fitar, wanda ke tona asirin cikar ramin da ake yi a hankali.
Watanni biyu, mai yiwuwa daga bel ɗin taurari, an kama su ne yayin da suke tunkarar duniyar Mars. Deimos yana da nisan kilomita 23.460 daga Mars kuma Phobos yana da kilomita 9.377. Girman nauyi a saman Deimos yana da ƙasa sosai (0,0039 m/s-2). Yawansa shine kawai 2,2 g/cm3. Gudun tserewarsa shine 22 km / h ko 6 m / s), wanda zai ba mutum damar barin saman Deimos kawai ta hanyar gudu.
Phobos shine mafi girma daga cikin watanni biyu na Mars. Hakanan shine mafi kusanci ga duniyar ja, yana ɗaukar awanni 7 da mintuna 39. A lokacin daukar fim din, Mars Express na da nisan mil 11, yayin da Deimos ke da nisan kilomita 800.
Babban bambanci tsakanin waɗannan watanni biyu shine siffar kowannensu. Phobos yana da tsayi kuma ba shi da tsari a cikin tsari, tare da saman da aka rufe a cikin ramuka da ramuka. A wannan bangaren, Deimos ya fi zagaye da santsi a siffa, tare da ƙarancin ramuka. Wannan bambance-bambancen siffa na iya kasancewa saboda bambancin tarihin ƙasa na kowane tauraron dan adam.
Hawan kewayawa kuma sun bambanta sosai. Phobos yana kewaya duniyar Mars a nisan kusan kilomita 6,000 daga saman duniya, wanda hakan ya sa ya zama daya daga cikin tauraron dan adam mafi kusanci idan aka kwatanta da sauran a cikin tsarin hasken rana. Deimos yana kan nisa mafi girma, yana kewayawa kusan kilomita 23,500 daga saman Marrian. Wannan bambance-bambancen tazarar sararin samaniya kuma yana fassara zuwa bambance-bambance a cikin lokutan sararin samaniya na duka tauraron dan adam a kusa da duniyar Mars.
Dangane da asalinsa, akwai ra'ayoyi daban-daban. Wasu masana kimiyya sun ba da shawarar cewa za su iya zama asteroids da nauyin Mars ya kama, yayin da wasu ke ganin zai iya zama ragowar wani abu mafi girma wanda ya rabu saboda wani tasiri. Wadannan ka'idoji sun ci gaba da zama batun bincike da muhawara a cikin al'ummar kimiyya.
manufa saukowa
An gabatar da Phobos a matsayin farkon manufa ga ayyukan ɗan adam zuwa duniyar Mars. Aikin sadarwar ɗan adam na masu binciken mutum-mutumi a duniyar Mars daga Phobos na iya cika ba tare da jinkirin lokaci mai yawa ba, kuma ana iya magance batutuwan kariya ta duniya a farkon binciken duniyar Mars ta wannan hanyar.
Saukowa a kan Phobos ya fi sauƙi kuma ba shi da tsada fiye da saukowa a saman Marrian. Dole ne mai filin jirgin da zai nufi duniyar Mars ya sami damar shiga sararin samaniya kuma ya koma wata kewayawa daga baya ba tare da wani wurin tallafi ba, ko kuma ana buƙatar kafa wurin tallafi a wurin. Madadin haka, mai saukar da tauraron dan adam zai iya dogara ne akan kayan aikin da aka kera don saukar wata da asteroid. Hakanan, saboda yana da rauni sosai, delta-v da ake buƙata don sauka akan Phobos kuma dawowa shine kawai 80% na abin da ake buƙata don zuwa ko daga saman wata.
Ina fatan da wannan bayanin zaku iya ƙarin koyo game da tauraron dan adam Phobos da halayensa.