La hasken rana Yana da matukar mahimmanci mai canzawa wanda ke aiki don sanin adadin zafin da muke karɓa daga rana akan doron ƙasa. Dogaro da wasu dalilai kamar iska, gajimare da lokacin shekara, muna karɓar rashi mai yawa ko ƙasa. Yana da ikon zafafa farfajiyar ƙasa da abubuwa ba tare da wahalar iska ba. Akwai hasken rana iri daban-daban dangane da asali da halayensa.
Koyi komai game da hasken rana, nau'ikan dake wanzu da kuma tasirinsa a duniya da rayuwa.
Menene hasken rana
Shine kwararar kuzarin da rana ke karɓa ta sigar raƙuman lantarki na mitoci daban-daban. Daga cikin mitocin da muke samu a cikin wutan lantarki muna da mafi kyawun sanannun bayyane, infrared da ultraviolet light. Mun san cewa kusan rabin hasken rana da duniyarmu take karɓa yana da mitar ta ƙunshi tsakanin zangon 0.4μm da 0.7μm. Irin wannan radiation din na idanun mutum zai iya gano shi kuma shine abinda ya zama tsiri wanda muka sani da haske mai ganuwa.
Sauran rabi yafi yawa a cikin ɓangaren infrared na bakan da ƙaramin sashi a cikin ultraviolet. Don samun damar auna yawan radiation da muke samu daga rana ana amfani da kayan aikin da aka sani da pyranometer.
Nau'in hasken rana
Dogaro da asali da halaye na hasken rana, akwai nau'uka daban-daban. Zamu maida hankali kan bayyana menene nau'ikan nau'ikan su da manyan halayen su:
Kai tsaye hasken rana
Shine wanda cewa yana zuwa kai tsaye daga rana kuma yana fuskantar ɗan canji kaɗan. Ana iya ganin wannan ta hanyar iska, amma ba babba ba. Raguwa cikin zafi ana iya ji yayin kwanakin iska. A saman zafi zafi baya tasiri kamar mai ƙarfi yayin da akwai iska mai ƙarfi. Wannan nau'in radiation din yana da babban sifa kuma shine cewa zai iya fitar da wani inuwa bayyananne daga duk wani abu mai wuyar fahimta wanda yake kama shi.
Yada hasken rana
Wani sashi ne na jujjuyawar da ke riskar mu daga rana da wannan giragizai suna nunawa ko kuma shagaltar da su. An san shi da sunan yaduwa tunda suna fadada cikin kowane bangare. Wannan tsari yana faruwa ne saboda tunani da sha, ba wai kawai daga gajimare ba, amma daga wasu kwayoyi da suke wankan shawagi a sararin samaniya. Ana kiran waɗannan ƙwayoyin ƙurar yanayi kuma suna da ikon watsa hasken rana. Hakanan ana kiranta yaɗuwa tunda wasu abubuwa suna ɓatar dashi kamar tsaunuka, bishiyoyi, gine-gine da ƙasa kanta, gwargwadon tsarin mulkinta.
Babban halayen wannan radiation shine ba ya sanya inuwa a kan abubuwa masu ruftawa wadanda ke tsakaitawa. Abubuwan da ke kwance sune wuraren da akwai adadin yaduwar yaduwa. Akasin haka yana faruwa tare da saman saman, tunda da wuya akwai wata hanyar sadarwa.
Nuna hasken rana
Yana da wanda yake nuna yanayin duniya. Ba duk wani jujjuyawar da zata riske mu daga rana ne ke shagaltar da ita ba, amma wasu daga ciki karkatattu ne. Wannan adadin radiation din da aka karkatar daga farfajiyar sananne ne da albedo. Albedo na ƙasa yana ƙaruwa sosai saboda tasirin canjin yanayi da narkewar kankararriyar kankara.
Abubuwan saman da suke a kwance basa karɓar kowane irin jujjuyawar juyi tunda basu ga kowane yanayin ƙasa ba. Akasin haka shine batun yaduwar hasken rana. A wannan yanayin, wurare ne masu tsaye waɗanda ke karɓar mafi yawan adadin hasken da aka nuna.
Hasken rana na duniya
Ana iya cewa shi ne cikakken hasken da yake wanzu a duniya. Jimlar radiyo 3 ne mai suna a sama. Bari mu dauki misalin rana mai cikakken rana. Anan zamu sami fitilun kai tsaye wanda zai fi karfin watsawa. Koyaya, a ranar gizagizai ba za a sami radiation kai tsaye ba, amma duk rayin da ya faɗo kuma ya yaɗu.
Ta yaya yake shafar rayuwa da duniya
Idan adadin hasken rana da duniyarmu take karba, rayuwa bata iya tashi kamar yadda take ba. Girman makamashin Duniya shine 0. Wannan yana nufin adadin hasken rana da duniya take karba kuma yake fitarwa izuwa sararin samaniya iri daya ne. Koyaya, dole ne a ƙara wasu nuances. In haka ne yanayin zafi a doron duniya zai kasance -88 digiri. Don haka kuna buƙatar wani abu wanda zai iya riƙe wannan jujjuyawar kuma ya sanya matakan zazzabi su zama masu daɗi da zama domin ya iya tallafawa rayuwa.
Tasirin greenhouse shine injin da ke taimakawa hasken rana wanda ya faɗo akan doron ƙasa don ya kasance gaba ɗaya. Godiya ga tasirin koren yanayi zamu iya samun yanayin rayuwa a doron ƙasa. Lokacin da hasken rana ya buge samaniya, yakan dawo kusan rabi zuwa sararin samaniya don kore shi zuwa sararin samaniya. Wasu daga cikin wannan hasken daga farfajiyar girgije da ƙurar yanayi. Koyaya, wannan adadin hasken da aka sha bai isa ba don ya sami damar kula da yanayin zafin jiki na yau da kullun.
Anan ne iskar gas mai shigowa ke shiga. Gas ne da yawa waɗanda ke da ikon riƙe wani ɓangare na zafin da duniyar ƙasa ke fitarwa, yana mai dawo da hasken rana wanda ya sake dawowa zuwa sararin samaniya. Gas na iskar gas kamar haka: tururin ruwa, carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides, methane, da dai sauransu Tare da ƙaruwar iskar gas mai lalacewa sakamakon ayyukan ɗan adam, hasken rana yana zama mai cutarwa saboda yana haifar da tasiri ga muhalli, fure, fauna da mutane.
Jimlar dukkan nau'ikan fitilun rana sune wadanda suke bada izinin rayuwa a doron kasa. Muyi fatan cewa za'a iya saukaka matsalolin karuwar iskar gas mai gurbata yanayi kuma yanayin bai zama mai hatsari ba.