Duk cikin sararin samaniya zamu iya samun biliyoyin taurari da yawa nau'ikan taurari wadanda ke da halaye daban-daban. An lura da taurari daga duk tarihin ɗan adam, tun kafin ma a kasance Homo sapiens. Ya kasance tushen tushen bayanai don sanin yadda sararin samaniya yake, ya zama wahayi ga masu zane-zane na kowane nau'i kuma anyi amfani dashi azaman hanya don masu jirgi da matafiya.
Sabili da haka, zamu sadaukar da wannan labarin don gaya muku duk abin da kuke buƙatar sani game da nau'ikan taurarin da suke da su da kuma manyan halayen su.
Menene taurari
Abu na farko shine sanin menene taurari da kuma yadda ake rarraba su. A cikin ilimin taurari, ana fassara taurari a matsayin plasma spheroids wanda ke fitar da haske da kuma kiyaye tsari saboda aikin karfin nauyi. Tauraruwa mafi kusa da muke da ita shine rana. Ita ce kawai tauraruwa a cikin tsarin hasken rana kuma shine yake ba mu haske da zafi, wanda ke ba da damar rayuwa a duniyarmu. Mun san cewa duniyar tamu tana cikin yankin da ake rayuwa da tsarin hasken rana, wanda shine mafi kyawu nesa dashi.
Koyaya, akwai nau'ikan taurari da yawa kuma ana iya rarraba su gwargwadon halaye masu zuwa:
- Matakin zafi da haske da tauraron ya bayar
- Dadewa suna da
- Ofarfin ƙarfin aiki
Nau'in taurari gwargwadon yanayin zafinsu da haskensu
Zamu yi nazarin menene nau'ikan taurarin da suke wanzuwa dangane da yanayin zafin da suke dashi da kuma hasken da suke bayarwa. Wannan sanannen sanannen sanannen shine Harvard na keɓancewa kuma ya sami suna daga haɓakawa a Jami'ar Harvard a ƙarshen karni na XNUMX. Wannan rarrabuwa ita ce mafi yawan amfani da masanan taurari. Yana da alhakin raba dukkan taurari gwargwadon yanayin zafin da suke dashi da kuma hasken da suke bayarwa. Wasu nau'ikan taurari guda bakwai sun hada da O, B, A, F, G, K da M, masu launuka daga shudi zuwa ja.
Akwai wasu nau'ikan rabe-raben taurari kamar su Yerkes na kasaita. Wannan rarrabuwa ya kasance daga baya fiye da na Harvard kuma yana da takamaiman tsari yayin rarraba taurari. Wannan rarrabuwa yayi la’akari da yanayin zafin taurari da kuma karfin kowace tauraruwa. Anan zamu ga taurari iri tara wadanda sune kamar haka:
- 0 - Mai tsafta
- Ia - Mafi kyawun haske
- Ib - Supergiant na ƙarancin haske
- II - Haske mai girma
- III - Babba
- IV - giarfafawa
- V - Dwarf babban jerin taurari
- VI - Subenana
- VII - Farin Dwarf
Nau'in taurari gwargwadon haske da zafi
Wata hanyar rarraba taurari gwargwadon zafinsu da haskensu. Bari mu ga menene nau'ikan taurari bisa ga waɗannan halaye:
- Taurari masu tsafta: sune wadanda suke da nauyin da yakai sau 100 na rabonmu. Wasu daga cikinsu suna gab da ƙayyadadden ƙayyadaddun ka'idoji, wanda shine ƙimar 120 M. 1 M shine adadin daidai da rana. Ana amfani da wannan matakin ma'aunin don ba da damar kwatancen mafi kyau tsakanin girma da kuma yawan taurari.
- Supergiant taurari: Waɗannan suna da nauyi tsakanin 10 zuwa 50M kuma girma ya ninka sau 1000 na rana. Kodayake rana tamu kamar tana da girma, ta fito ne daga rukunin ƙananan taurari.
- Giwa taurari: yawanci suna da radius tsakanin sau 10 zuwa 100 na radius na hasken rana.
- Taurarin taurari: wannan nau'ikan taurari sune wadanda suka samu sakamakon haduwar dukkan hydrogen dinsu. Sun kasance sun fi haske fiye da manyan taurarin taurari. Haskenta ya kasance tsakanin taurarin taurari da manyan taurari.
- Dwarf taurari: suna daga cikin manyan jerin. Wannan jerin shine wanda ya qunshi mafi yawan taurari da ake samu a duniya. Rana a cikin surar tsarin hasken rana tauraruwar tauraruwa ce rawaya.
- Subdwarf taurari: Haskenta yana tsakanin girma tsakanin 1.5 da 2 a ƙasa da babban jeri amma tare da nau'in iri ɗaya.
- White dwarf taurari: Waɗannan taurari ragowar wasu ne waɗanda makamashin nukiliya ya ƙare. Wannan nau'ikan taurari sunfi yawa a duk duniya, tare da jan dwarfs. An kiyasta cewa kashi 97% na sanannun taurari zasu bi ta wannan matakin. Da wuri duk taurari sun ƙare daga mai kuma sun zama fararen taurari farare.
Life sake zagayowar
Wani rabe-raben nau'ikan taurari ya ta'allaka ne da tsarin rayuwarsu. Tsarin rayuwa na taurari ya samo asali ne tun daga haifuwarsu daga babban girgije zuwa mutuwar tauraruwar. Lokacin da ya mutu yana iya samun siffofi daban-daban da ragowar taurari. Lokacin da aka haife shi ana kiransa protostar. Bari mu ga menene fasalin rayuwar tauraro daban-daban:
- PSP: Babban Sakamakon
- SP: Babban jerin
- SubG: giarfafawa
- GR: Babban Giant
- AR: Cunkoson Jama'a
- RH: reshe a kwance
- RAG: Giant Asymptotic Branch
- SGAz: Mafi kyawun shudi
- SGAm: gian wasa mai haske
- SGR: Red Supergiant
- WR: Star Wolf-Rayet
- VLA: Mai haske mai haske shuɗi
Da zarar tauraron ya ƙare da mai zai iya mutuwa ta hanyoyi daban-daban. Yana iya juyawa zuwa dwarf mai ruwan kasa, supernova, hypernova, nebula na duniya, ko gamma rayukan da suka fashe. Ragowar taurarin da zasu iya haifar da mutuwar tauraruwa sune fararen dwarf, ramin rami da taurarin neutron.
Ba shi yiwuwa a kirga dukkan taurari a sararin samaniya ana lura da su daya bayan daya. Madadin haka, an yi ƙoƙari don ƙididdige dukkan damin taurari don yin wasu ƙididdiga da matsakaita game da yawan hasken rana da ke ciki. Masana kimiyya suna tunanin cewa kawai ta hanyar madara akwai tsakanin taurari miliyan 150.000 zuwa 400.000. Bayan wasu nazarin, masana ilimin taurari sun kimanta cewa adadin taurari da aka samo a cikin sararin da aka sani kusan taurari biliyan 70.000 ne.
Ina fatan cewa tare da wannan bayanin zaku iya ƙarin koyo game da nau'ikan taurarin da suke da su da halayen su.