Muna zaune a cikin ƙasa tare da yanayi mai ban sha'awa iri-iri, kuma a cikin kowannensu akwai wasu tsire-tsire da tsire-tsire masu yawa waɗanda suka sa Spain ta zama Europeanasar Turai ta biyu mai yawan daji, tare da jimillar kadada miliyan 26,27, wanda ke wakiltar 57% na yankin.
Amma, Menene nau'ikan gandun daji a Spain?
Gandun dajin da muke samu anan sun faɗi a tsakanin yankuna biyu na flora da ciyayi, waɗanda sune Eurosiberian da Rum. Bari mu ga yadda suka bambanta:
Yankin Eurosiberian
Wannan yankin yana wakiltar yankin Atlantic, daga arewacin Portugal, ta hanyar Galicia, da cipankin Asturias, Cantabria, Basque Country, da yamma da tsakiyar Pyrenees. Sauyin yanayi a nan yana da danshi, wanda tasirin ruwan teku ya yi laushi, tare da tazara mai sanyi zuwa lokacin sanyi lokacin da ake rikodin manyan sanyi. (har zuwa -18ºC). Babu kusan lokacin fari, saboda haka yanayin wuri koyaushe kore ne, banda lokacin kaka, wanda shine lokacin da bishiyoyin bishiyoyi ke canza launi don ya zama ba shi da ganye don iya shawo kan hunturu.
Ire-iren gandun dajin a wannan yankin sune:
- Bishiyar bishiya: beech (fagus sylvatica), sune mafi yawan bishiyoyi masu yanke bishiyoyi a arewacin Spain. Suna girma tsakanin 800 zuwa 1500m na tsawo, a cikin sanyi, ƙasa mai ƙarancin acid.
- Itacen oak: itacen oaks, musamman carballo (Quercus fashi), yayi girma a yankin Atlantic, har zuwa tsayin 600m.
- Itatuwan Birch: bishiyoyin birch suna yin ƙananan gandun daji a cikin tsaftacewa, akan ƙasan asid.
- Fir bishiyoyi: farin farin (Abin alba) yana cikin tsaunukan Pyrenees, daga Navarra zuwa Montseny, a tsawan tsawa daga 700 zuwa 1700m.
Yankin Bahar Rum
Wannan yankin yana wakiltar sauran rabin sashin teku, da kuma tsibirin Balearic. Anan lokacin rani yana sananne sosai, kuma yana iya wucewa daga watanni biyu zuwa hudu. Ruwan sama na iya zama daga 1500mm zuwa kasa da 350mm, kuma abu daya ke faruwa tare da sanyi: gwargwadon yankin, za a iya rikodin yanayin zafi har zuwa -15ºC ko sama da haka, ko akasin haka kuma ba za a sami sanyi ba kwata-kwata tsawon shekaru, sannan ka sami ɗaya daga-har zuwa -4ºC. A wannan bangaren, matsakaicin yanayin zafi zai iya zama 30ºC ko sama da haka, kuma zai iya kaiwa 42ºC.
Ire-iren gandun dajin a wannan yankin sune:
- Melojares: ina suke da Quercus pyrenaica (ko melojos). Suna da halin subatlantic, kuma suna tsakanin 700 zuwa 1600m na tsawo.
- Dazukan Riparian: sune waɗanda bishiyoyin bishiyoyi ke tsirowa a cikin su, suna kiyaye kansu albarkacin danshi na dindindin na ƙasa.
- Mutanen Espanya Fir: wannan nau'in gandun daji shine inda Rumunan Rum ke zaune (Abin mamaki), a cikin tsaunukan Malaga da Cádiz. Dudu ne mai duhu kuma mai duhu, tare da wadataccen ruwan sama (a kusa da 2000-3000mm), wanda yake a tsawan sama da 1000m.
- Holm itacen oak: holm bishiyoyi (Nanda nanx ilex) bishiyoyi suna ɗayan bishiyoyi masu dacewa da juriya. Suna girma daga matakin teku zuwa 1400m, don haka suna yin dazuzzuka har ma a bakin teku.
- Cork bishiyoyi: wadannan dazuzzuka sun mamaye hekta miliyan daya na Tsibirin Iberiya. Suna girma cikin ƙasa mai yashi, tare da yanayi mai sauƙi tare da ruwan sama na yau da kullun.
- itacen oak: Yankin Quejigares na ƙasar Andalus ne, amma kuma zaka same su a cikin Kataloniya.
- Pine groves: pines suna girma daga matakin teku zuwa 2400m. A cikin Sifen mun sami sama da duka bakin pine (Pine mai kaɗe-kaɗe) da kuma itacen Scots (Pinus sylvestris).
- junipers: Junipers suna girma akan tsaunukan ƙasa, yawanci sama da mita 900 na tsawo. An daidaita su zuwa yanayin duniya, tare da damuna masu sanyi da lokacin bazara mai zafi.
- Babban tsaunukan Bahar Rum: a cikin manyan tsaunukan Bahar Rum, sama da tsawan 1700m, damuna suna da tsauri da tsawan gaske. Lokacin da dusar ƙanƙara ta ɓace, ƙasa takan bushe da sauri saboda tsananin hasken rana da yanayin zafi mai zafi.
Shin kun san cewa akwai nau'ikan gandun daji da yawa a Spain?