Lita nawa na ruwan sama a kowace murabba'in mita daidai yake da dusar ƙanƙara da aka ajiye a ƙasa a lokacin da aka ba da ita, wanda ke haifar da halayyar farin bargo? An yarda da cewa kowane santimita na sabon dusar ƙanƙara yana daidai da lita ɗaya na ruwan sama a kowace murabba'in mita da aka tattara a cikin ma'aunin ruwan sama, amma a mafi yawan lokuta wannan kwatankwacin daidaitaccen ƙima ne, ko dai saboda wuce haddi ko rashin isa. Abubuwa da yawa za su shiga tsakani, daga cikinsu nau'in dusar ƙanƙara, da yawan dusar ƙanƙara dusar ƙanƙara ta fi barsu, da kuma ƙayyadaddun yanayin da murfin dusar ƙanƙara ya fuskanta.
Don haka, za mu sadaukar da wannan labarin don gaya muku duk abin da kuke buƙatar sani game da yawan dusar ƙanƙara da yadda yake shafar yawan jama'a.
yawan dusar ƙanƙara
Dukanmu mun ga yadda kowace dusar ƙanƙara ta bambanta kuma tana da abubuwan da suka dace. Wani lokaci idan yanayi ya yi sanyi da bushewa, kuma idan dusar ƙanƙara ta yi ƙanƙara, dusar ƙanƙara tana da ƙanƙanta da yawa (kwayoyin dusar ƙanƙara waɗanda ke faɗowa lokaci-lokaci) kuma da wuya su yi babban murfin dusar ƙanƙara. Halin yana canzawa lokacin da danshin iskar da dusar ƙanƙara ta lulluɓe ya kasance mai ɗanɗano sosai, wanda a wasu lokatai akwai babban ƙoƙo mai laushi (wanda aka fi sani da "rag"). Wadannan dusar ƙanƙara na iya, a wasu lokuta, tara kauri mai yawa a cikin 'yan sa'o'i kadan. A kowane hali, yawan dusar ƙanƙara ya bambanta sosai.
La'akari da cewa porosity na dusar ƙanƙara cover ne inversely gwargwado zuwa da yawa, dangane da dusar ƙanƙara da ke faruwa, fiye ko žasa da 'yan santimita na dusar ƙanƙara za a samar, amma wannan ba kawai saboda yawan flakes da daidaitawa. tara, amma waɗannan halaye sun ƙayyade girman girman dusar ƙanƙara. Yawan da aka ce zai iya bambanta daga 20 kg/m3 a yanayin sanyi mai sanyi, tsakanin 80 zuwa 100 kg/m3 a yanayin dusar ƙanƙara ta al'ada (mafi kowa). Har zuwa 180 kg / m3 a cikin yanayin sanyi.
Idan muka ajiye lambobin da ke sama kuma muka harba layin tsakiyar, matsakaicin ƙimar ƙarancin dusar ƙanƙara (20 kg / m3) da mafi girman ƙimar dusar ƙanƙara (180 kg / m3) shine 110 kg / m3. m3, za mu iya samun. kusan 100.
Tunawa da cewa yawa na ruwa ruwa ne na 1.000 kg/m3, da zarar an kafa rabo mai yawa na 10 zuwa 1., mun isa daidai da muka ambata a farkon: 1 cm na sabon dusar ƙanƙara = 1 mm na ruwan sama. Tare da ƙarin cikakkun bayanai, za mu iya inganta ƙima.
dusar ƙanƙara bargo
A gefe guda, lissafin yana nufin cewa muna ɗauka tsakanin manyan nau'ikan dusar ƙanƙara guda biyu dole ne ya zama ma'auni mai nauyi, inda, bisa kididdigar nau'in dusar ƙanƙara da ake samarwa, za mu san menene kashi. Ga kowane nau'i, menene mitar rarraba dusar ƙanƙara mai sanyi, al'ada, da rigar ƙanƙara? A wani lokaci da ya wuce, sun gudanar da cikakken bincike a filin jirgin sama na bala'in dusar ƙanƙara a Amurka. Sun kai wani sabon kwatankwacin wanda ya fi kusa da hakikanin bayanan, wato matsakaicin yawa na sabon dusar ƙanƙara ya ɗan ragu kaɗan, don haka milimita daya na ruwan sama yayi daidai da santimita 1,3 na dusar ƙanƙara.
Ba hanya mara kyau ba ce, amma ba ta ƙare a can ba, saboda kawai yana aiki akan sabobin dusar ƙanƙara. Da zarar dusar ƙanƙara ta daina faɗowa, rigar tana fuskantar saurin canji, wanda ke fassara zuwa karuwa a hankali a cikin yawan dusar ƙanƙara da aka ajiye, duka saboda haɗaɗɗen nauyin nasa da kuma saboda canjin yanayi na baya-bayan nan. Dusar ƙanƙara, daga sama. Yawan dusar ƙanƙara yana ƙaruwa da lokaci, don haka idan za mu ƙididdige ruwan daidai da dusar ƙanƙara ta hanyar auna kaurin dusar ƙanƙara wanda ajiya na sa'o'i ko kwanaki, waɗannan ƙimar ba za su kasance 10:1 ko 13:1 ba. Ana iya la'akari da ingancin sa don sabon dusar ƙanƙara (a matsayin ƙimar farko).
nawa dusar ƙanƙara tayi nauyi
Lokacin da aka yi ruwan sama, terraces ba dole ba ne ya ɗauki duk ruwan da ke tashi da faɗuwa, tunda ruwan yana zuwa magudanar ruwa. Dusar ƙanƙara ta tara, duk da haka, don haka dole ne tsarin ya goyi bayan nauyin da ba za a iya ƙididdige shi ba. Babu guda biyu da suke daya. Wasu sun fi wasu girma. Bugu da kari, wasu suna auna fiye da wasu dangane da yanayin zafi da zafi na hazo.
Don haka, ana sanin ma'aunin nauyi ne kawai ta hanyar ƙima bisa ga gwaje-gwaje. A wannan ma'anar, ƙa'idodin gine-gine na asali suna nuna cewa ya bambanta bisa ga yanayin dusar ƙanƙara: 120 kg / m3 don dusar ƙanƙara mai sabo, 200 kg / m3 don dusar ƙanƙara ko jiƙa, da 400 kg/m3 ga dusar ƙanƙara gauraye da ƙanƙara.
Yawan dusar ƙanƙara da nauyin da terraces ke tallafawa
Balconies da patios galibi ana gina su da kaya iri-iri, gami da dusar ƙanƙara, don haka gina dusar ƙanƙara bai kamata ya zama matsala ba. Duk da haka, wasu gine-gine masu rauni na iya zama matsala. Dusar ƙanƙara ta yi yawa da gini ke goyan bayanta a kwancen da aka fallasa ga abubuwan zai dogara ne da tsayin da jama'a suke.
A wannan ma'anar, mafi ƙarancin da za ku ɗauka Wuri yana da 40 kg/m2 yana daga 0 zuwa mita 200 na tsayi saboda yana iya dusar ƙanƙara a matakin teku., mai rikitarwa kamar yadda ake iya gani. Daga 201 zuwa 400 mita, nauyin dusar ƙanƙara dole ne ya zama akalla 50 kg / m2, kuma daga 401 zuwa 600, 60 kg / m2. Daga nan, haɓaka da 20 kg/m2 ga kowane mita 200 sama da matakin teku.
Daga tsayin mita 1.200, nauyin nauyi zai zama tsayin da aka raba ta 10. Don haka, alal misali, Gidan da aka gina a tsayin mita 3.000 yana da nauyin nauyin 300 kg/m2.
Don madaidaicin rufin rufin ƙididdiga ɗaya ya shafi. Don rufin da ke da gangaren sama da digiri 60, nauyin dusar ƙanƙara a saman ba shi da sifili, tunda an kiyasta dusar ƙanƙara mai zamewa. A kan ƙananan gangara, nauyin da za a tallafa shi ne wanda ya dace da tsayin garin Samfurin kaya da cosine na kusurwar rufin.
Ina fatan cewa tare da wannan bayanin zaku iya ƙarin koyo game da yawan dusar ƙanƙara da yadda yake shafar yawan jama'a.