Mun san cewa canjin yanayi bai shafi dukkan yankunan duniya daidai ba. A saboda wannan dalili, masana kimiyya suna nazarin tasirin wannan lamarin a sassa daban-daban na duniya don yin lissafin lalacewar kuma su iya tsarawa da aiki don rage shi.
A wannan yanayin muna zuwa kira Dry Corridor na Amurka ta Tsakiya (CSC) inda masana kimiyya daga jami'ar Costa Rica suke ta binciken tasirin canjin yanayi a wannan yanki ta mahallin muhalli da zamantakewa. Menene sakamakon?
Hanyar bushewa
Dry Corridor ya rufe dukkan yankin tare da gabar tekun Pacific na yankin daga Guanacaste a Costa Rica zuwa arewa maso yammacin Guatemala.
An gudanar da aikin binciken ta Dr. Hugo Hidalgo León, Mai bincike da kuma darektan Cibiyar Nazarin Yanayi ta Jami'ar Costa Rica (CIGEFI). Dalilin binciken ana bayar da shi ne sakamakon fari da CSC ke fama da shi da sauran barazanar hydroclimatic saboda bambancin yanayi saboda canjin yanayi.
A wasu yankuna na CSC ana iya lura da yadda fari ke ci gaba har sai da ya isa yanayin bushewa. Saboda wannan yanki yana da matukar saukin kamuwa da canjin yanayi, tasirin dumamar yanayi ya fi shafar tasirin ilimin kasa da tattalin arziki.
A yankin Dry Corridor zaune kimanin mutane miliyan 10. Wadannan mutanen suna bukatar abinci da wurin kwana. Saboda haka, yana da mahimmanci a tabbatar da abincin da ya ragu saboda maimaitawa da tsawan fari. Fari yana haifar da yanayi na matsanancin talauci.
Mutanen da ke zaune a wannan wurin suna da ƙananan iyalai kuma yanayin rayuwarsu na yau da kullun yana fuskantar barazanar waɗannan mawuyacin yanayin. Ta hanyar wajibcin yin ƙaura daga ƙauyuka zuwa birane A duk kan iyakokin ƙasa da yanki, rashin zaman lafiya da yiwuwar rikicin yan gudun hijira sun fara bayyana sakamakon rikicin zamantakewar ƙasa da albarkatu.
Cikakken Tsarin Hanyar Bushewar Amurka ta Tsakiya
Binciken da masana kimiyya na jami’ar Costa Rica suka gudanar ya yi nasarar samar da wani Cikakken shiri don hanyar busasshiyar hanyar Amurka ta Tsakiya (PICSC), wanda aka yi “Taron hadin kan farko da taron bitar Amurka ta Tsakiya na UCREA-PICSC”.
An gudanar da bitar a karamin dakin taro na Cibiyar Bincike ta Geophysical (CIGEFI) ta UCR. Duk mahalarta ilimi da masu bincike daga Amurka ta Tsakiya waɗanda ke aiki akan wannan batun sun halarci. Makasudin hada kan mutanen da suka yi karatu iri daya a wasu wurare shine a iya bambance bambancin tasirin sauyin yanayi a yankuna tare da tara karin bayani game da yadda za'a dakatar dashi.
A yayin gudanar da aikin, dukkansu Dakta Hugo Hidalgo León, babban mai binciken aikin, da kuma mai binciken Dr. Yosef Gotlieb daga Kwalejin Ilimi ta David Yellin a Isra'ila, sun gabatar da girman aikin binciken da PICSC.
“Muna da shekaru biyar muna gudanar da bincike a dukkan kasashen da ke da hannu a Kwarin Amurka na Tsakiyar Amurka. Kudaden da Jami'ar Costa Rica ta bayar suna ba mu damar saduwa da abokan aiki daga duk waɗannan ƙasashe. Aikin shine interinstitutional, interregional, haɗin gwiwa ne na duniya”. Dr. Gotlieb yayi bayani.
Shirin na da niyyar tattara dukkan ilimin da ya kamata game da yanayin muhalli na albarkatun kasa da na zamantakewa da kuma yadda canjin yanayi ya shafesu a yankuna daban-daban na Amurka ta Tsakiya, tunda canjin dayansu na iya haifar da sauyi a cikin wasu. Duk albarkatu da tsarin halittu suna hade.
Shirin yana aiki akan matakai biyu: a gefe guda, zalunta matakin halitta, inda ake sarrafawa da kiyaye albarkatu kuma, a gefe guda, mutum, inda ake tattauna matsalolin zamantakewar tattalin arziki da suka samo asali daga canjin yanayi da tasirin da yake haifarwa.
Shirin zai fara ne ta hanyar kara karfin sa ido na tsarin iska, kasa da ruwa don samar da tsarin gargadi da wuri. Bugu da kari, inganta amfani da ruwa da kasa za a kara ta hanyar amfani da fasahohi daga mafi yanayin bushasha. Don adana ruwa, za a yi amfani da nau'ikan amfanin gona waɗanda suka dace da yanayin canji.