El Tafkin Maracaibo Ita ce wakilci mafi girma na yankin Zulia, wanda ke yammacin Venezuela, tafkin mafi girma a Latin Amurka kuma daya daga cikin manyan tafkuna a duniya. Yana da halaye masu ban mamaki da mahimmanci, don haka yana da daraja sanin game da shi.
Don haka, za mu sadaukar da wannan labarin don ba ku labarin halaye, ilimin ƙasa, flora da fauna na tafkin Maracaibo.
Babban fasali
Tafkin Maracaibo yana da nau'ikan halaye da suka bambanta shi da sauran tafkunan duniya, kuma watakila a wannan ma'ana mafi girman halayensa shi ne cewa shi kadai ne ke da alaka da tekun kai tsaye. Musamman a arewacinta, magudanar ruwa suna faruwa ne a cikin ruwa mai tauri, ko da yake yana samun fitar ruwa.
Don ziyartar halayen tafkin Maracaibo, za mu iya haskaka abubuwa masu zuwa:
- Tana cikin jihohi uku na yankin Venezuela: Zulia, Trujillo da Merida.
- Ana la'akari da shi babban mashigin ruwan gishiri da aka rufe.
- Tana da kimar fili kimani na kilomita murabba'i 13.820, zurfin mita 46, tsayin mita 3 da bakin teku na kilomita 728.
- A lokacin damina, tafkin yana da tsawon kilomita 110, tsawon kilomita 160 da zurfin mita 50.
- Ita ce tafki mafi girma a Latin Amurka kuma yana da kimanin shekaru 36.
- Ya haɗu da Gulf of Venezuela ta wani ɗan ƙaramin yanki mai nisan kilomita 55.
- Ana ciyar da ita ta koguna da yawa, mafi girma daga cikinsu shine Catatumbo, wanda ke tasowa a Colombia, amma kuma yana da raƙuman ruwa masu zuwa: Chama, Escalante, Santa Ana, Apon, Motatan, Palmar, da dai sauransu.
- Tana da dimbin arzikin man fetur a cikin kwanukanta kuma ta hako rijiyoyi sama da 15.000 tun daga shekarar 1914.
- Akwai wani kyakkyawan abin kallo a cikin wannan tafkin, mai suna Catatumbo Walƙiya, inda kimanin walƙiya 1.176.000 ke faruwa a cikin shekara guda kuma suna da kima wajen cika dukkan sararin sararin samaniyar sararin samaniyar duniya (wanda aka fi sani da Coquivacoa ta wurin ƴan ƙasa).
Yanayin tafkin Maracaibo
Yanayin da ke kusa da tafkin Maracaibo yana da zafi mai zafi, tun da yawan ruwan da yake da shi yana sa yanayin zafi ya tashi, don haka tafkin, da kuma birnin gaba ɗaya, yana da dumi.
Lokacin bazara gajere ne, zafi sosai da gajimare, amma lokacin sanyi yana da tsayi, kodayake ana kiyaye zafi tare da gizagizai. Yawancin lokaci, Yanayin zafi yana bambanta kadan a duk shekara tsakanin 28 ° C da 40 ° C.
Wani abin da ke da alaka da yanayin shi ne wanda ke faruwa a kudancin tafkin Maracaibo, mun riga mun ambaci walƙiyar Catatumbo, wadda ke bayyana kanta a matsayin wata walƙiya mai kusan ci gaba da faɗowa, kamar wani babban nuni da ke haskaka sararin samaniyar birnin.
Asalin wannan gaskiyar ya dogara ne akan gaskiyar cewa girgije yana tasowa a tsaye kuma yana samar da jerin fitar da aka lura tsakanin tsayin kilomita 1 zuwa 4. Wannan shi ne saboda tsananin zafi a saman tafkin Maracaibo, hade da jerin iska da kuma hawan tafkin tafkin dangane da tsaunukan da ke kewaye, daidai da Sierra de Perijá da Sierra de Perijá Cordillera de Merida.
Wani al'amari mai ban sha'awa game da hazo a tafkin Maracaibo shine cewa yankin kudu yana samun hazo fiye da yankin arewacin rafin. A nata bangaren, iskar cinikayya tana tafiya a kan ruwa ta hanyar arewa maso gabas zuwa kudu maso yamma.
Geology na Lake Maracaibo
An fara da ilimin geology na tafkin Maracaibo, mun gano cewa yana cikin wani yanki na kwari da aka kafa a lokacin Jurassic, musamman a lokacin Mesozoic Era lokacin da Duniya ta rayu fiye da shekaru miliyan 145 da suka wuce. Tafkin, wanda ke ɗauke da siffa mai tsayin tectonic rift ko rami, ya samo asali ne daga rabuwar Pangea, sunan da aka ba Duniya lokacin da Duniya ta kasance babbar nahiya kuma an raba ta ta hanyar motsi na tectonic plates
Bayan haka, tafkin ya bi matakai daban-daban na samuwar girma dabam, ya zama wani bangare na teku ko kuma ya bayyana a bushe. Amma ya kasance a cikin nau'in tafkunan ruwa na cikin gida tun Pliocene, shekaru miliyan 2,59 da suka wuce. Tafkin Maracaibo yana da kurakuran ƙasa guda uku: Oka-Ancón, Bocono da Santa Marta, wanda ya sa ya zama yanki da ake ganin zai iya haifar da haɗarin girgizar ƙasa.
Bisa ga ilimin geology, An haifi tafkin a cikin Miocene kimanin shekaru miliyan biyar da suka wuce, tare da bayyanar halittun dabbobi masu shayarwa, kuma a cikin lokacin nazarin ilimin ƙasa ya zama damuwa na yanzu, wanda aka fi sani da Lake Po of the Horses. An siffanta shi da duk kogunan da ke gudana a cikinsa. Wannan shi ne yadda yankin kudancin tafkin ke samuwa, da mahadar koguna irin su Escalante, Santa Ana da Catatumbo.
Siffar da aka fi sani da Tashin Maracaibo Ramin Tectonic ne wanda ke gangarowa a hankali yayin da Saliyo de Perijá da Andes ke tashi.
An gudanar da bincike da dama a cikin kasa karkashin kasa da bakin ciki ke faruwa, tun da ana daukar hakan a matsayin wani lamari da ke faruwa a wasu yankuna kadan na duniya, a daya bangaren kuma ya nutse, a daya bangaren kuma yana dauke da mafi girman tushen arziki a kasar Venezuela. baya ga shiga cikin Tekun Caribbean.
Flora da fauna
An yi imanin cewa ruwan tafkin Maracaibo yana da isasshen iskar oxygen, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa yana da wadata a cikin algae don haka a cikin kifi. Yana ba da ɗimbin halittu masu yawa na flora da fauna.
Taxidermy na tafkin ya haɗa da: alligators, herons, shrimp, iguanas, crabs blue, catfish, pelicans, groupers, bocachicos, ja mullets, rawaya croakers, wasu curassows har ma da dabbar dolphins. Akwai ma wasu nau'ikan nau'ikan da ke cikin tafkin tafkin, kamar Lamontichthys maracaibero, kifi a cikin iyalin Loricariidae wanda ke buƙatar ruwa mai yawan iskar oxygen don tsira.
Daga cikin nau’o’in da ke tattare da tsiron tafkin akwai tsiron kwakwa da yawa, duk da cewa akwai wasu nau’ukan bishiyu a kasar, kamar su apamate, da cují yaque, da vera da wasu nau’in halittu masu ban mamaki, irin su neem, wadanda suke suna da alaƙa da manufar rage kusan dukkanin yanayin zafi a cikin shekara saboda yana buƙatar ruwa kaɗan da kulawa, yayin da yake samar da inuwa mai yawa.
Ina fatan da wannan bayanin zaku iya ƙarin koyo game da tafkin Maracaibo da halayensa.