da manyan duwatsu a duniya Dukkansu ne wadanda suka wuce mita 8.000 na tsayi. Waɗannan duka ana kiran su da dubu takwas. Dukkaninsu suna da halaye na musamman da kuma sha'awar yawon bude ido da ke sanya su na musamman. Hakanan ƙalubale ne ga masu hawan dutse. A yawancin su muna samun endemic flora da fauna nau'in.
A cikin wannan labarin, za mu gaya muku game da halaye, mahimmanci da kuma abubuwan da suka shafi tsaunuka mafi girma a duniya.
manyan duwatsu a duniya
Duwatsu mafi tsayi a duniya abin al'ajabi ne na yanayi. Daga cikinsu akwai Dutsen Everest, wanda shi ne dutse mafi girma a duniya da tsayin mita 8.848 sama da matakin teku. Ana zaune a cikin Himalayas, kan iyaka tsakanin Nepal da China, Everest sanannen wuri ne ga ƙwararrun masu hawa.
Wani tsaunin da ya yi fice shi ne K2, wanda ke cikin tsaunin Karakóram a kan iyakar Pakistan da China, mai tsayin mita 8.611. Ana kiransa da "Dutsen daji" saboda wahalar shiga da kuma hadarinsa, wanda ya sa ya zama kalubale ga masu hawan dutsen.
Dutsen Kangchenjunga kuma ya cancanci a ambaci shi, yana da tsayin mita 8.586 kuma yana cikin Himalayas, kan iyakar Nepal da Indiya. Wannan dutsen tsattsarka ne ga al'ummar yankin kuma UNESCO tana kiyaye shi a matsayin Reserve na Biosphere.
Sauran manyan tsaunuka sun hada da Lhotse, dutse na hudu mafi tsayi a duniya mai tsayin mita 8.516, Makalu mai tsawon mita 8.485, Cho Oyu mai tsayin mita 8.188 da Dhaulagiri mai tsayin mita 8.167.
Kowanne daga cikin wadannan tsaunuka na musamman ne ta hanyarsa, kuma kowanne yana ba da kalubale na musamman da gogewa ga masu hawan dutsen da ke neman cinye su. Duk da haɗari da haɗari da ke tattare da hawan dutse mai tsayi, waɗannan tsaunuka suna ci gaba da jawo hankalin mutane daga ko'ina cikin duniya, suna ƙarfafa waɗanda suke mafarkin kaiwa kololuwar kololuwa.
Dutsen Everest
Ba za mu iya wucewa ba tare da ɗan zurfafa zuwa cikin dutse mafi tsayi a duniya ba. Dutsen Everest babban dutse ne wanda ke da siffofi masu ban sha'awa fiye da tsayinsa. Yana da sifar dala na musamman tare da manyan fuskoki guda huɗu, yana sa a iya gane shi daga nesa.
Yanayi akan Everest yana da sauyin yanayi sosai kuma galibi yana da haɗari, tare da iska mai ƙarfi. dusar ƙanƙara mai yawa da ƙananan zafin jiki wanda zai iya kaiwa -60 ° C a cikin hunturu. Wannan ya sa hawan wannan dutse ya zama wani aiki mai wahala da hadari, wanda kwararrun masu hawa dutsen da suka fi kwarewa da kayan aikin da suka dace kadai za su iya aiwatarwa.
Baya ga tsayinta da yanayinta, Everest gida ne ga glaciers da yawa masu ban sha'awa, irin su Glacier Khumbu, wanda shine mafi girman glacier a duniya. Hakanan gida ne ga nau'ikan dabbobi da tsirrai iri-iri, gami da damisa dusar ƙanƙara, yaks, da rhododendrons.
Tsayinsa yana ci gaba da canzawa saboda farantin tectonics, yayin da farantin tectonic na Indiya ya ci gaba da turawa zuwa farantin tectonic na Eurasian, yana ɗaga dutsen a hankali. Hakanan yana da mahimmancin al'adu da addini ga al'ummar yankin, saboda yana cikin tsakiyar yanki mai tsarki na Sherpas. An dauke shi a matsayin allahntaka a al'adun Sherpa kuma an san shi da "Sagarmatha" a Nepal, wanda ke nufin "mahaifiyar duniya."
Jan hankalin yawon bude ido
Duwatsu mafi tsayi a duniya babban abin jan hankali ne ga matafiya da masu son yanayi. Mutane da yawa suna tafiya zuwa waɗannan tsaunuka don dandana kyawun yanayi kuma su ƙalubalanci kansu a cikin yanayi mai ban mamaki.
Baya ga damar hawan wadannan tsaunuka, masu yawon bude ido na iya jin dadin sauran ayyukan, kamar Yi tafiya a kan hanyoyin da ke kusa, sansani a cikin tsaunuka kuma ku ji daɗin ra'ayi na shimfidar wurare na dutse. Hakanan akwai al'ummomin gida waɗanda ke ba da balaguro da balaguro ga waɗanda ke son bincika al'adu da rayuwar yau da kullun a cikin tsaunuka.
Kowannensu yana da halayensa da fara'a, amma duk suna ba da ra'ayoyi masu ban sha'awa da ƙalubale ga waɗanda ke neman hawa su. Bugu da ƙari, dukansu suna da yanayi maras tabbas da matsanancin yanayi wanda ya sa hawan hawan ƙalubale mai haɗari. Wani muhimmin al'amari shi ne al'adun gida da ke kewaye da waɗannan tsaunuka. Jama'ar gari da al'ummomi sun haɓaka al'adunsu na musamman da hanyoyin rayuwa a cikin waɗannan tsaunuka, suna ƙara ƙarin girma ga ƙwarewar yawon shakatawa.
Flora da fauna na manyan tsaunuka a duniya
Flora
Duwatsu mafi tsayi a duniya gida ne ga furanni iri-iri na musamman waɗanda suka dace da yanayin yanayi mai tsauri. Saboda tsayin daka, rashin iskar oxygen da yanayin sanyi mai tsananin sanyi, flora a wadannan yankuna ya sha bamban da wanda ake samu a kananan yankuna.
Ɗaya daga cikin tsire-tsire da aka fi sani a cikin tsaunuka mafi tsayi a duniya shine gansakuka da lichens, wanda ke rufe yawancin duwatsu da kasa na yankin. wadannan tsire-tsire Suna iya rayuwa a cikin matsanancin yanayi a tsayin mita 5.000.
Sauran tsire-tsire da aka samu a cikin waɗannan tsaunuka sun haɗa da nau'ikan ciyawa masu tsayi da tsire-tsire a cikin dangin Brassicaceae. Ciyawa masu tsayi suna da karbuwa don tsira daga yanayin sanyi kuma galibi suna girma a cikin ƙanƙantaccen furen fure don samun dumi. Tsire-tsire na Brassicaceae an san su da fata, ganyen waxy, wanda ke ba su damar riƙe danshi a cikin bushe, yanayin sanyi.
Hakanan ana iya samun nau'in rhododendron akan manyan tsaunuka na duniya, kamar rhododendron na Nepalese. wadannan tsire-tsire suna girma a kan gangara kuma suna da manyan furanni masu ban sha'awa waɗanda suke fure a lokacin bazara. A cikin ƙananan yankuna na tsaunuka, inda yanayi ya ɗan fi kyau, ana iya samun bishiyoyi da shrubs irin su Himalayan fir, Himalayan cypress, da itacen oak. Wadannan nau'ikan suna iya girma zuwa tsayin mita 4.000.
fauna
Kodayake dabbobin suna da iyaka, yawancin nau'ikan da ke cikin waɗannan tsaunuka suna da ban sha'awa da ban sha'awa. Daya daga cikin fitattun nau'in tsaunuka da aka fi sani da shi shine panda bear, wanda ya fito daga tsaunukan Sichuan na kasar Sin. Wadannan berayen sun fi ciyar da bamboo, wanda shine tsiron da ake samu da yawa a yankunan tsaunuka na kasar Sin.
Wani nau'in dabbar da ke zaune a cikin tsaunuka mafi tsayi a duniya shine bharal ko "tuma mai shuɗi", wanda ke samuwa a cikin Himalayas da Karakorum. Waɗannan tumaki ƙwararru ne a kan hawan tsaunuka kuma suna dacewa da yanayi mai tsauri da kyau. Yak, wani nau'in bovid, shi ma ya zama ruwan dare a cikin wadannan tsaunuka. The Yaks manya ne, dabbobi masu tauri da ake amfani da su a matsayin kaya da jigilar dabbobi a yankin.
Daga cikin tsuntsayen da ke zaune a tsaunukan akwai mikiya ta zinare, da gemu masu gemu da kuma Andean condor, wanda wani nau'in tsuntsu ne na ganima da ke zaune a cikin Andes na Kudancin Amurka. Akwai kuma nau'in birai da ke zaune a tsaunuka, irin su biri na zinari da langur na Hoogerwerf, wadanda ake samu a cikin tsaunin Himalayas.
Ina fatan cewa tare da wannan bayanin za ku iya ƙarin koyo game da manyan tsaunuka a duniya da halayensu.