Gurbatar da muhalli a matakin duniya babbar matsala ce babba wanda dole ne a magance ta daga tushe zuwa sama. Lokacin da muke magana game da gurɓatar da ƙasashe biyu suka haifar, yawanci muna magana ne game da gurɓatar iska. Kodayake akwai gurbatar yanayi iri daban-daban, gurbatar iska ne yake haifar da mummunan sakamako a ma'aunin duniya kamar dumamar yanayi da canjin yanayi. Da mafi yawan ƙasashe masu gurɓata a duniya Su ne waɗanda ke da alhakin mafi yawan adadin gurɓataccen hayaƙin gas zuwa cikin yanayi.
Saboda haka, zamu sadaukar da wannan labarin don gaya muku wadanne kasashe ne suka fi gurbata a duniya kuma menene manyan dalilan wannan gurbatarwar.
Gurɓatar iska
Wannan wata matsala ce wacce ba ta keɓance kawai ga muhalli ba. Shekaru da yawa ya zama batun da ke ɓangaren rayuwar yau da kullun. Gurbatar iska lamari ne da ya shafi duniya baki daya kuma maganinta baya hannun gwamnati ko kasashe masu yawa. maimakon haka, kowa na iya ba da gudummawar yashi guda don iya dakatar da waɗannan sakamakon. Tabbatacciyar hujja game da gurɓatar iska sune waɗancan sanannun gizagizan gurɓatattun halayen waɗanda ke taruwa kewaye da biranen gari kuma suna cutar da lafiya.
Akwai wasu ƙananan hanyoyin da ba za a iya ganowa ba ko kuma bayyane na gurɓataccen iska, amma kuma suna da mummunan sakamako ga lafiyar rayayyun halittu da tsarin halittu. Waɗannan gurɓatattun abubuwa suna haifar da ɗumamar yanayi da ƙasa tare da sakamakon bala'i. Daga cikin asalin da muke da shi na gurɓatar iska mun ga cewa, a cikin dubunnan shekarun rayuwa a wannan duniyar, an samar da hayaki mai guba.
Iskar hayaki mai guba wani bangare ne na rayuwar rayuwa, amma a sikelin halitta. Wannan yana nufin, gurɓatuwa a yanayi ba ya tasiri tasiri ga abin da ya ƙunsa ko tsari na halittu tun yana faruwa kwatsam. Yana daga cikin sake zagayowar kuma ayyukan dan adam basu karu ba. Wadannan hayakin sun hada da iskar gas da ake fitarwa a yayin da dutsen ke fitarwa, amma illolinsu ba su dawwama. Koyaya, tare da isowar juyin juya halin masana'antu daga ɓangaren ɗan adam kuma tare da ƙaruwar ƙaruwar yawan jama'a, zamu sami hoton yanayin gurɓatar iska a matakin duniya.
Duk wani gurɓatar iska yana nufin kasancewar abubuwa masu guba waɗanda ake samu ta hanyar ayyukan ɗan adam.
Babban sakamako
Kamar yadda muka sani, illolin gurɓatar iska suna da yawa. Na farko mafi daidaito shi ne ƙaruwa da lalacewar cututtukan numfashi da na jijiyoyin jini na mutanen da ke zaune a cikin gurɓatattun birane. Hakanan akwai wurare kusa da kusancin kafofin masana'antu waɗanda sune waɗanda ke fitar da waɗannan samfuran masu guba cikin yanayi. A duk waɗannan yankuna, cututtukan numfashi da na jijiyoyin jini suna ƙaruwa da adadi mai yawa.
An kiyasta cewa kusan 3% na duk shigarwar asibiti Ana samar da shi ta hanyar tsananta cututtukan da suka danganci yawan gurɓataccen yanayi. Countriesasashen da suka fi gurɓata a duniya sune waɗanda inda yawan waɗannan gas ɗin yake da yawa kuma, sabili da haka, akwai mahimmancin sakamakon kiwon lafiya.
Wani mummunan tasirin gurɓatacciyar iska shine sanannen sakamako na greenhouse. Kada mu dame tasirin greenhouse kamar haka tare da ƙaruwarsa. Matsalar ba wai akwai tasirin tasirin yanayi ba (ba tare da shi ba, rayuwa ba za ta kasance kamar yadda muka santa ba), amma tana ƙaruwa sakamakon tasirin waɗannan gas ɗin. Wasu daga cikin matsalolin da aka samu daga gurbatacciyar iska sune lalata halittu, jin aiki a manyan yankuna, hauhawar ruwan teku, bacewar kasa, yaduwar kwari, bacewar nau'ikan halittu da sauransu.
Yawancin ƙasashe masu gurɓata a duniya
Mun san haka a kowace shekara an fitar da sama da tan miliyan 36.000 na CO2 a cikin sararin samaniya. Shine babban iskar gas wanda yake taimakawa sauyin yanayi. Hanyoyin fitarwa daga wannan man suna galibi saboda ƙazantar ayyukan mutane. Koyaya, kawai daga cikin ƙasashe mafi ƙazantar da rashawa a duniya suna da alhakin sakin mafi ƙarancin waɗannan gas. Ana iya cewa ƙasashen da suka fi gurɓata a duniya a cikin shekarun nan sun kasance China, Amurka, Indiya, Rasha da Japan.
Lokacin da muke magana game da hayaƙin CO2 a zahiri muna komawa gare shi azaman babban gas, amma kuma a matsayin ma'auni. Lokacin da mun riga mun san kwatankwacin hayakin da ke cikin CO2, zamu iya sanin knowafafun Carbon na kowace jiha, kodayake abin da yake samarwa a matsayin gurɓataccen yanayi ba, a hankalce, komai bane ko kuma Dioxide kawai.
Idan ba mu da tunani, dole ne mu sani cewa matakan gurɓataccen halin yanzu ba su faru ba aƙalla shekaru miliyan 3 lokacin da babu ɗan adam a duniya. Har ila yau, dole ne a yi la'akari da cewa, a wancan lokacin, duniya tana cikin wani yanayi na aikin aman wuta sosai.
Tare da bayanan da za a iya samu, mun gano cewa China ke da alhakin kashi 30% na dukkan hayaƙi da ake fitarwa a duniya, yayin da a Amurka yana da alhakin 14%. Bari mu binciki matsayin mafi ƙasƙantar ƙasashe a duniya:
- China, tare da sama da tan miliyan 10.065 na CO2 da aka fitar
- Amurka, tare da tan miliyan 5.416 na CO2
- Indiya, tare da tan miliyan 2.654 na CO2
- Rasha, tare da tan miliyan 1.711 na CO2
- Japan, tan miliyan 1.162 na CO2
- Jamus, tan miliyan 759 na CO2
- Iran, tan miliyan 720 na CO2
- Koriya ta Kudu, tan miliyan 659 na CO2
- Saudi Arabia, tan miliyan 621 na CO2
- Indonesia, tan miliyan 615 na CO2
Kodayake mafi yawan matsayin bai kasance daidai ba game da 2018, ya nuna cewa an bar Kanada don barin lamba 10 ga Indonesia, ɗayan ƙasashe masu tasowa waɗanda ke ganin yawancin haɓakar hayaƙi.
Ina fatan cewa tare da wannan bayanin zaku iya ƙarin koyo game da ƙasashen da suka fi gurɓata a duniya da kuma mummunan sakamakon gurɓatar iska a duk duniya.