Yanayin mu yana da daban-daban yadudduka a ciki akwai nau'ikan gas na abubuwa daban-daban. Kowane Layer na sararin samaniya yana da aikinsa da halayensa da suka sa shi ya bambanta da sauran.
Muna da troungiyoyin wanda shine shimfidar yanayin da muke rayuwa a ciki kuma duk abubuwan da ke faruwa a sararin samaniya suke faruwa, madaidaiciyar hanya - wanne shine layin sararin samaniya wanda yake a cikin ozone layer, sararin samaniya inda fitilun arewa suke faruwa kuma yanayin yanayi hakan yana iyaka ne da sararin samaniya kuma inda zafin yake yayi yawa. A cikin wannan sakon zamu maida hankali ne kan duniyan da kuma mahimmancinsa ga rayuwa a duniyar tamu.
Halayen Stratosphere
Theungiyar sararin samaniya yana a tsawo na kimanin kilomita 10-15 kuma ya faɗaɗa har zuwa kusan kilomita 45-50. Yanayin zafin jiki a sararin samaniya ya sha bamban kamar haka: da farko, ya fara zama mai daidaitawa (tunda ana samunsa a tsayi kusa da tropopause inda zafin jiki ya kasance kamar haka) kuma mara ƙasa sosai. Yayin da muke ƙaruwa a cikin tsawo, zazzabin stratosphere yana ƙaruwa, yayin da yake shafar hasken rana da yawa. Halin yanayin zafin jiki a cikin yanki yana aiki akasin abin da raunin da muke rayuwa a ciki yake aikatawa, ma'ana, maimakon raguwa da tsayi, yana ƙaruwa.
A cikin stratosphere babu wuya wani motsi na iska na tsaye, amma iskoki a kwance zasu iya kaiwa 200 km / h a kai a kai. Matsalar wannan iska ita ce duk wani abu da zai kai ga yanayin duniyan ya yadu a duk duniya. Misalin wannan shine CFCs. Wadannan iskar gas din da suka hada da sinadarin chlorine da sunadarin flourine suna lalata ozone layer suka bazu a duk duniya saboda iska mai karfi daga saman tudu.
Babu wuya wani gajimare ko wasu tsarukan yanayi a sararin samaniya. Wasu lokuta mutane sukan rikita da karuwar yanayin yanayin yanayin yanayin kusancinsu da rana.Yana da ma'ana a yi tunanin kusancin wanda yake kusa da Rana, zai fi shi zafi. Koyaya, wannan ba batun haka bane. A cikin stratosphere zamu iya haduwa sanannen ozone layer. Launin ozone a cikin kansa ba a cikin "Layer" ba ne, amma yanki ne na yanayin da hawan wannan iskar gas ya fi na sauran yanayi. Kwayoyin ozone suna da alhakin shakar hasken rana wanda ya same mu kai tsaye daga Rana kuma ya ba da rai a duniya. Wadannan kwayoyin da suke shafar hasken rana ultraviolet rays sun canza wannan kuzarin zuwa zafin rana kuma, saboda haka, shine dalilin da yasa zafin yanayin stratosphere ke karuwa a tsawo.
Domin akwai kayan aiki wanda iska ke samun nutsuwa sosai kuma babu iska mai karfin gaske, musanyar barbashi tsakanin troposphere da stratosphere kusan sifili ne. A saboda wannan dalili da wuya babu ƙarancin tururi a cikin tekun. Wannan yana nufin cewa gizagizai a cikin sararin samaniya suna samuwa ne idan yayi sanyi sosai don ƙarancin ruwan da ke akwai ya tattara kuma ya samar da lu'ulu'un kankara. Ana kiransu gizagizan gizagizai masu kankara kuma basa haifar da ruwa.
Thearshen madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar madaidaiciya Yanki ne na yanayi inda ozwarorin ozone masu yawa suna ƙarewa kuma zafin jiki ya zama mai karko sosai (kimanin digi 0). Tsarin kwana shine wanda yake ba da hanya zuwa mashigar.
A matsayin neman sani, kawai mahaɗan sunadarai da ke da dogon rai sune waɗanda zasu iya kaiwa ga sararin samaniya. Yanzu haka, da zarar sun kasance a wurin, zasu iya zama na dogon lokaci. Misali, kayan da fitowar manyan duwatsu masu aman wuta na iya zama a cikin siradin kusan shekaru biyu.
A lemar sararin samaniya Layer
A lemar sararin samaniya Layer ba koyaushe yake samun wannan iskar gas ɗin ba nesa da shi. A cikin stratosphere, samuwar da ci gaba da lalata ozone yana faruwa a lokaci guda. Don ozone ya samu, haskoki na hasken rana dole ne su fasa kwayar oxygen (O2) zuwa atamomin oxygen biyu (O). Daya daga cikin wadannan kwayoyin idan sun hadu da wata kwayar iskar oxygen suna aiki don samar da ozone (O3).
Wannan shine yadda ake samun kwayoyin ozone. Koyaya, a zahiri, kamar yadda aka halicce su, ana lalata su ta hanyar hasken rana. Hasken rana daga Rana ya fada akan kwayar ozone kuma ya sake lalata shi don haifar da kwayar oxygen (O2) da kwayar oxygen (O). Yanzu oxygen atom yana aiki tare da wani ozone molecule don ƙirƙirar kwayoyin oxygen biyu, da dai sauransu. Tsarin yanayi ne wanda yake daidaita tsakanin samuwar da lalata kwayoyin ozone. Ta wannan hanyar, wannan layin iskar gas na iya ɗaukar yawancin haskoki na ultraviolet mai cutarwa kuma ya kare mu.
Wannan ya dade haka lamarin yake. Sake zagayowar inda aka ajiye hankalin ozone a daidaitaccen kwanciyar hankali akan lokaci. Koyaya, akwai wata hanyar lalata ozone a cikin sararin samaniya. Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) suna da karko sosai a sararin samaniya kuma saboda haka suna iya kaiwa ga sararin samaniya. Wadannan iskar gas suna da tsawan rai, amma idan suka isa mashigin tekun, hasken rana na haskaka kwayoyin, yana haifar da sanadaran chlorine wadanda suke aiki sosai. Wadannan tsattsauran ra'ayi suna lalata kwayoyin ozone, saboda haka adadin ozone da aka lalata gaba daya ya fi wanda ake samu yawa. Ta wannan hanyar, daidaituwa tsakanin ƙarni da lalata kwayoyin ozone waɗanda ke iya ɗaukar hasken rana wanda ke cutar da mu ya lalace.
Sakamakon rami a cikin ozone layer
Abin takaici, a baya ba a san wannan batun a irin wannan daki-daki ba, don haka a cikin ayyukan ɗan adam (amfani da aerosols na chlorofluorocarbon) sun sami nasarar isa ga sararin samaniya yawancin chlorine da bromine wadanda ke lalata kwayoyin ozone. Saboda daukar matakin yana bukatar haske da kuma samuwar gajimare a yanayin zafi kadan, mafi kaskancin matakin lemar ozone yana faruwa ne a bazarar Antarctica kuma ozone rami yana samuwa musamman a Antarctica. Waɗannan ramuka na ozone suna haifar da ƙarin iska mai amfani da ultraviolet don zuwa saman duniya da hanzarta narkewa.
A cikin mutane, lalacewar lemar ozone ya haifar da karuwar kamuwa da cutar kansa saboda yawan adadin hasken rana da ke riskar mu. Hakanan shuke-shuke ya shafa, musamman ma wadanda ke girma kuma suke da rauni da kasa da tushe da ganyaye.
Tasirin jiragen sama a cikin sararin samaniya
Jiragen sama ma sun yi tasiri a sararin samaniya, saboda galibi suna tashi ne a tsawan da ke tsakanin kilomita 10 zuwa 12, wato, kusa da tropopause da farkon tratosphere. Yayin da zirga-zirgar jiragen sama ya karu, hayakin carbon dioxide (CO2), tururin ruwa (H2O), nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur oxides (SOx) da toka sun karu zuwa yanayi tsakanin saman troposphere da ƙananan stratosphere
A yau, jirgin sama kawai yana haifar da tsakanin 2 zuwa 3% na hayaƙin da ke duniya. Wannan shima bashi da mahimmin mahimmanci ta fuskar dumamar yanayi ko dai. Koyaya, menene mahimmanci game da jirgin sama shine gas ɗin da suke fitarwa yana yin hakan a ɓangaren sama na troposphere. Wannan yana haifar da tururin ruwa da ake fitarwa don kara damar samar da gizagizai masu cirru wanda yake adana zafin rana a Duniya kuma yana taimakawa dumamar yanayi.
A gefe guda kuma, sinadarin nitrogen da jiragen sama ke fitarwa suma suna da hadari, tunda suna da nasaba da bacewar ozone a cikin stratosphere. Dole ne muyi tunanin cewa kodayake iskar gas da iska ke fitarwa ba ta da wata rayuwa mai tsayi da za ta kai ga yankin, amma za su iya yin hakan, saboda ana sake su a tsayi kusa da ita.
Stratosphere neman sani
Wannan shimfidar yanayi yana da wasu ƙwarewa waɗanda zasu iya bamu mamaki. Daga cikin waɗannan sha'awar sune:
- Yawan iska yayi kasa da 10% cewa a doron ƙasa
- Yanayin zafi a cikin ƙananan yadudduka suna kusa -56 digiri a kan matsakaita kuma igiyoyin iska sun kai kilomita 200 a awa daya.
- Akwai rahotanni da ke tabbatarwa wanzuwar kananan kwayoyin halittu rayuwa a cikin stratosphere. Waɗannan ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta ana tsammanin sun fito ne daga sararin samaniya. Sunadaran kwayar cuta ne, ƙwayoyin halitta masu tsayayyiya waɗanda zasu iya samar da kariya mai kare kansu kuma saboda haka su rayu da yanayin ƙarancin yanayin zafi, yanayin bushewa da manyan matakan radiation da ake samu a cikin sararin samaniya.
Kamar yadda kake gani, yanayin yana da manyan ayyuka a gare mu da kuma sauran rayayyun halittun da ke rayuwa a duniyar tamu. Tsarin sararin samaniya yana ƙunshe da wani abu mai mahimmanci don rayuwarmu kuma wannan, duk da cewa yana da tsayin kilomita, dole ne mu kiyaye.