Don lura da yanayin ramin a cikin ozone layer, an auna adadin lemar ozone a cikin stratosphere tsawon shekaru talatin ta hanyar tauraron dan adam. Bayan wannan lokacin awo, a ƙarshe An gano alamun sake farfado da duniya na ozone layer, godiya ga kokarin da aka yi a duk duniya don hana amfani da abubuwan da ke lalata shi.
Yaya ingancin sakamakon da kuka samo game da kaurin lemar ozone?
Matsayi na lemar sararin samaniya
Tsarin ozone ba komai bane face yanki na stratosphere inda yawan wannan gas din yake sama. Wannan iskar gas din tana aiki ne a matsayin kariya daga haskakawar hasken rana. Godiya ga wannan, Ba ma kona fatar mu ta hanyar nuna kanmu ga rana, shuke-shuke na iya rayuwa da daukar hotuna, da dai sauransu.
Saboda wannan, cewa tsarin ozone yana cikin yanayi mai kyau wani abu ne mai mahimmanci don rayuwa kamar yadda muka santa a doron ƙasa ya ci gaba. Tare da ci gaban fasaha, ana fitar da hayaki mai yawa wanda ke lalata labulen ozone, kamar su chlorofluorocarbons. Wadannan iskar gas suna amsawa tare da sinadarin ozone a cikin stratosphere, suna lalata su. Saboda su ne aka kirkiro sanannen rami a cikin ozone layer.
Ramin a cikin ozone layer ba rami bane a kansa, saboda idan haka ne, zai zama da haɗari ga duniyar, tunda yana kan Antarctica kuma zai bada izinin saurin narkewar kankara na wannan nahiya. Wannan "ramin" ragi ne kawai a cikin tattarawar wannan layin a kusa da Antarctica.
Lokacin da lemar ozone mai cutarwa ta ba da damar haskakawar hasken rana daga ultraviolet, haskakawa ga waɗannan haskoki yana ƙaruwa, yana haifar da cutar kansa, fatar ido da cuta a cikin garkuwar jiki. Hakanan suna shafar dabbobi, shuke-shuke, har ma da kwayoyin halittar jiki.
Sake dawo da ozone
Ozone, wanda yake a cikin sararin samaniya, yana da nisan kilomita 11-50 daga saman duniya ya fara raguwa a cikin shekaru 70 na karnin da ya gabata. Rage mafi mahimmanci tun daga lokacin lemar sararin samaniya tsakanin 4 zuwa 8% a shekara goma.
Godiya ga yarjejeniyoyin ƙasa da ƙasa kamar layin Montreal, wanda ke hana amfani da ragin abubuwan da ke lalata labulen ozone, an katse yanayin ragewa.
Tauraron dan adam din da ke ci gaba da lura da sanya ido a cikin kowane yanki na Duniya sun sami nasarar gano alamun farko na warkewa. Satellites suna ba da ma'auni daidai gwargwado, kodayake iyakancinsu na lokaci yana hana su yin ƙarin panoramas na haɗuwar ozone. Masana ilimin yanayi sun kiyasta cewa karatun ozone daga tauraron dan adam zaiyi shekaru 30 ko sama da haka kuma ana buƙatar su don su iya nazarin yanayin da ke tattare da ozone tare da daidaito mafi girma.
Dogaro da yanayi na shekarar da muke ciki da aikin hasken rana, ƙimar ozone koyaushe baya tsayawa cikin shekara. Sabili da haka, yana da mahimmanci a bincika yanayin cikin nutsuwa tsawon shekaru ba takamaiman natsuwa ba. A saboda wannan dalili, matakan sun zama dole shekaru da yawa don tabbatar da ko mutane suna haifar da rami a cikin ozone layer ya fara murmurewa.
Don amsa wannan matsalar, masana kimiyya daga ESA Tsarin Canjin Yanayi Suna daidaita ma'aunai daga tauraron dan adam daban don samun dogon lokaci game da bambancin ozone.
“Ta hanyar hada bayanai daga shirin canjin yanayi da bayanan na NASA, a bayyane muke ganin munanan yanayi a sararin samaniya na ozone kafin 1997 da kyawawan halaye bayan wannan kwanan wata. Abubuwan da ke faruwa a saman tekun da ke can bayan wurare masu zafi na da matukar mahimmanci kuma suna hana warkewar ozone, ”in ji shi. Viktoria Sofieva, Babban Masanin Kimiyyar Bincike a Cibiyar Nazarin Yanayin Yankin Finland.
Godiya ga wannan, zamu iya sanin yau yanayin yanayin lemar ozone.