Mun san cewa tsarin hasken rana ba ya ƙarewa kai tsaye da zarar mun wuce ta kewayen duniyar Pluto. Wannan tsarin hasken rana yana kara dan gaba kadan ta hanyar kuiper bel. Don isa can, dole ne mu yi tafiya zuwa mafi nisa daga Neptune da Pluto. A halin yanzu, abu mafi nisa da jirgin sama ya samu shine Arrokoth (2014 MU69). A cikin yankin da aka bincika, akwai yankin tsarin hasken rana mai tsananin sanyi da duhu kuma ana kiransa bel Kuiper. Muhimmancinsa ya ta'allaka ne da cewa yana ɗauke da makullin fahimtar yadda tsarin hasken rana ya kasance.
Saboda haka, za mu gaya muku duk abin da kuke buƙatar sani game da bel Kuiper, halaye da asalinsa.
Menene bel Kuiper
Belin Kuiper yanki ne mai siffar donut (wanda ake kira Tor in geometry) wanda ya ƙunshi miliyoyin ƙananan abubuwa daskararre. Wadannan abubuwa ana kiran su tare da Kuiper bel abubuwan.
Wannan yanki ne da ke cike da miliyoyin gawawwakin sama waɗanda za su iya samar da taurari, duk da haka ƙarfin Neptune ya haifar da ɓarna a wannan sararin samaniya, hana wadannan kananan halittun sararin samaniya haduwa su samar da wata babbar duniya. Ta wannan ma'ana, bel ɗin Kuiper yana da wasu kamanceceniya da manyan taurarin taurari waɗanda ke kewaya Jupiter a cikin tsarin hasken rana.
Daga cikin taurarin sararin samaniya da aka gano a cikin bel na Kuiper, wanda ya fi shahara shine dwarf planet Pluto. Ita ce mafi girma a sararin samaniya a cikin Kuiper Belt, kodayake an gano sabon duniyar dwarf (Eris) mai girman irin wannan kwanan nan a cikin Kuiper Belt.
Har wa yau, Kuiper Belt Ita ce iyakar sararin samaniya, wanda ba a san shi ba kuma an bincika. Kodayake an gano Pluto a cikin 1930 kuma an yi hasashen bel na abubuwan ƙanƙara a waje da Neptune, ya kamata a lura cewa an gano farkon asteroid a wannan yanki na tsarin hasken rana a cikin 1992. Nazarin da sanin Kuiper Belt yana da mahimmanci. don fahimtar asali da samuwar tsarin hasken rana.
Tsarin Mulki na Kuiper Belt
A halin yanzu, an tsara su fiye da 2.000 na sararin samaniya a cikin Kuiper Belt, amma suna wakiltar ɗan ƙaramin yanki na jimlar adadin sararin samaniya a cikin wannan yanki na tsarin hasken rana.
Abubuwan bel na Kuiper sune tauraro mai wutsiya da asteroids. Ko da yake suna da kamanceceniya, taurari masu tauraro da taurari suna da nau'i daban-daban. Tauraro mai taurarowa jiki ne na sama da aka yi da ƙura, da duwatsu, da ƙanƙara (gas ɗin daskararre), yayin da asteroids suke da duwatsu da ƙarfe. Wadannan jikunan sararin samaniya ragowar samuwar tsarin hasken rana ne.
Yawancin kayan da ke cikin Kuiper Belt suna da tauraron dan adam da ke kewaya su, ko kuma abubuwa ne na binary da aka yi da abubuwa guda biyu masu girmansu iri daya, kuma suna kewayawa a kusa da wani ma'ana (cabiyar cibiyar taro). Pluto, Eris, Haumea da Quaoar wasu abubuwa ne masu ɗauke da wata a cikin Kuiper Belt.
A halin yanzu, jimillar jikkunan sararin samaniya waɗanda suka haɗa Kuiper Belt shine kawai kashi 10% na yawan duniya. Duk da haka, an yi imani da ainihin al'amarin Kuiper Belt sau 7 zuwa 10 na yawan duniya, da abubuwan da suka dace. kafa shi ya zo daga 4 giant taurari (Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus da Neptune).
Abubuwan da ke haifar da raguwar asarar jama'a
Abubuwan da aka samo a cikin bel na Kuiper ana kiran su KBO's. Asarar taro a cikin wannan bel ɗin sararin samaniya da aka daskare yana faruwa ne saboda yazawa da lalata bel ɗin Kuiper. Kananan tauraro mai tauraro mai wutsiya da asteroids da ke hada shi suna karo da juna kuma su kasu zuwa kananan KBOs da kura, wadanda iskar hasken rana ke kadawa ko kuma su shiga cikin hasken rana.
Yayin da bel ɗin Kuiper ke raguwa sannu a hankali, wannan yanki na tsarin hasken rana ana ɗaukarsa ɗaya daga cikin asalin taurarin taurari. Wani yanki na asali na tauraron dan adam shine girgije Oort.
Comets da suka samo asali daga bel na Kuiper ana kera su ne lokacin da tarkace suka samu bayan da aka ja da KBO a cikin tsarin hasken rana ta hanyar nauyi na Neptune. Comets da suka samo asali daga bel na Kuiper ana kera su ne lokacin da tarkace suka samu bayan da aka ja da KBO a cikin tsarin hasken rana ta hanyar nauyi na Neptune. A lokacin tafiya zuwa rana, waɗannan ƙananan gutsuttsura sun makale a cikin wani ɗan ƙaramin kewayawa da nauyin Jupiter, wanda ya kasance a cikin iska. bai wuce shekaru 20 ba. Ana kiransu tauraro mai ɗan gajeren lokaci ko tauraro mai wutsiya na dangin Jupiter.
A ina yake?
Kamar yadda muka ambata, Kuiper Belt yana cikin mafi girman yankin tsarin hasken rana, wanda shine kewayar Pluto. Yana daya daga cikin manyan yankuna a tsarin hasken rana. Mafi kusa da Kuiper Belt yana cikin kewayen Neptune, kusan 30 AU (AU ita ce raka'ar tazarar taurari, daidai yake da kilomita miliyan 150, wanda ke kusan nisa tsakanin Duniya da Rana), kuma Kuiper Belt yana kusa da 50 AU daga rana.
Wani bangare ya mamaye Kuiper Belt kuma ya shimfida wani yanki da ake kira Scattering Disk, wanda ke da nisan 1000 AU daga rana. Bai kamata bel ɗin Kuiper ya ruɗe da girgijen Oort ba. Ana samun girgijen Oort a mafi nisa na tsarin hasken rana, a cikin mafi nisa, wanda aka kiyasta tsakanin 2000 zuwa 5000 AU daga rana.
Hakanan yana kunshe da abubuwa masu daskararre kamar bel na Kuiper, mai siffa kamar fili. Yana kama da wani babban harsashi, wanda ya ƙunshi rana da dukan taurari da taurari waɗanda suka haɗa tsarin hasken rana, gami da bel na Kuiper. Ko da yake an yi hasashen samuwarsa, ba a lura da shi kai tsaye ba.
Ina fatan cewa tare da wannan bayanin kun bayyana abin da bel ɗin Kuiper yake, bambance-bambancen girgijen Oort da ƙarin koyo game da sararin samaniyar mu.