El kogin volga shi ne mafi tsawo a duk Turai kuma yana da siffofi na musamman. Yana bi ta tsakiyar Rasha da kudu don ya shiga cikin Tekun Caspian. Da yake yana da girma sosai, yana da yanki mai nisa na 1.360.000 km2. Magudanar ruwa tana da girma har tana iya ba da ruwa ga garuruwan da ke kewaye.
A cikin wannan labarin za mu gaya muku duk abin da kuke buƙatar sani game da kogin Volga, halaye da muhimmancinsa.
Babban fasali
Kogin Volga ya samo asali ne daga tsaunin Valdai tsakanin Moscow da Saint Petersburg kuma yana gudana zuwa cikin Tekun Caspian. Ba wai kogi mafi tsayi a Turai ba, har ila yau shi ne mafi girma. Tsawon tsayin ya kai kilomita 3690 kuma matsakaicin yawan kwararar ruwa ya kai mita 8000 a cikin dakika daya.
Fadin ruwan ruwanta ya kai murabba'in kilomita miliyan 1,35, wanda ke matsayi na 18 a duniya. Haka kuma shi ne kogi mafi girma a Turai ta fuskar magudanar ruwa da magudanar ruwa. An yi la'akari da kogin kasa na kasar Rasha. Tsohuwar kasar Rasha, Rasha Khanate, an gina ta ne a kusa da kogin Volga.
A tarihi, ya kasance muhimmin wurin taro na wayewar Eurasian. Kogin yana gudana ta cikin dazuzzuka na Rasha, daji-stepes da tsaunin daji. Hudu daga cikin manyan biranen Rasha goma suna cikin kwarin Volga, ciki har da Moscow babban birnin kasar. Wasu daga cikin manyan tafkunan ruwa na duniya suna kusa da kogin Volga.
Yana cikin rufaffiyar kwaryar Tekun Caspian kuma shine kogin mafi tsayi da ke gudana cikin rufaffiyar kwandon. Kogin Volga ya samo asali ne daga tsaunin Valdai mai nisan mita 225 arewa maso yammacin Moscow da kimanin kilomita 320 kudu maso gabashin St. Daga nan sai ta juya kudu, ta ratsa garuruwa da dama, kafin ta shiga cikin Tekun Caspian da ke karkashin Astrakhan mai nisan mita 28 kasa da matakin teku.
A lokacin da ya fi dacewa, lankwasa zuwa Don. A Volga na sama kusa da Starica, Volga a cikin 1912 yana da yankuna da yawa, mafi mahimmancin su shine Kama, Oka, Vitluga da Sula. Kogin Volga da magudanan ruwa sun samar da tsarin kogin Volga, wanda ke ratsa yankin da ya fi yawan jama'a a kasar Rasha, wanda ke da fadin kusan kilomita murabba'i miliyan 1,35.
Bakin Kogin Volga
Ka tuna cewa kogin mafi tsayi a Turai dole ne ya sami babban baki. Wurin da ke kusa da shi yana da kimanin kilomita 160 kuma ya ƙunshi har zuwa magudanar ruwa 500 da ƙananan koguna. Babban yanki mafi girma a Turai shine kawai wuri a Rasha inda zaka iya samun dabbobi irin su flamingos, pelicans da lotuss. Saboda tsananin sanyi a wannan yanki na Rasha, yawancin tsawon kogin yana daskarewa tsawon watanni 3 a shekara. Lokacin hunturu a cikin kogin mafi tsayi a Turai yana daskarewa gaba daya.
Kogin Volga yana ratsa yawancin yammacin Rasha. Yawancin manyan tafkunanta suna samar da ban ruwa da wutar lantarki. Ana amfani da tsawon kogin don haɓaka samar da makamashi mai sabuntawa, idan aka yi la'akari da magudanar ruwa da za a iya ginawa tare da kogin mafi tsawo a Turai. Canal na Moscow, Volga-Don Canal, da Volga-Baltic Waterway sun samar da hanyar ruwa ta cikin ƙasa wacce ta haɗa Moscow da Tekun Fari, Tekun Baltic, Tekun Caspian, Tekun Azov, da Bahar Black.
lalacewar kogi
Babban matakan gurɓatar sinadarai sun yi mummunan tasiri a kan Volga da wuraren zama. Tare da hanyar, flora da fauna suna shafar ayyukan ɗan adam. Tare da ci gaban fasaha da haɓaka zamanin masana'antu, yawancin hayaki yana ƙarewa yana lalata ruwa tare da haifar da mummunan tasiri a kan yanayin muhalli da wuraren zama na yawancin tsire-tsire da dabbobi.
Kwarin yana da yawan haihuwa kuma yana samar da alkama mai yawa. Har ila yau, ya ƙunshi albarkatun ma'adinai masu yawa. Wani muhimmin masana'antar mai yana mayar da hankali a cikin kwarin Volga. Sauran albarkatun sun hada da iskar gas, gishiri da kuma potash. Yankin Volga Delta da Tekun Caspian wuraren kamun kifi ne. Astrakhan, wanda ke cikin delta, shine cibiyar masana'antar caviar.
Wani tasirin muhalli na kogin mafi tsayi a Turai shine sau da yawa ana amfani dashi don dalilai na kewayawa. Kogin Volga ya fadada sosai saboda gina manyan madatsun ruwa a zamanin masana'antu. Yana da matukar muhimmanci ga sufuri da kewayawa na cikin gida na Rasha, tun da duk madatsun ruwa a kan koguna suna da kayan aiki don kullewa da jiragen ruwa masu girma. Duk waɗannan jiragen ruwa suna iya tashi daga Tekun Caspian zuwa ƙarshen kogin a wurare mafi girma.
Ayyuka da kewayawa
Gurbacewar kogin mafi tsayi a Turai ya karu ne kawai tun lokacin masana'antu. Ya kamata a lura da cewa, iyakokin da aka halatta na man fetur da abubuwan da aka samo a cikin ruwan kogi ya karu a cikin 2016 idan aka kwatanta da irin wannan binciken da aka yi a 2015. Ya kara dagula lamarin. yawan gurɓataccen ruwa ya ci gaba da ƙaruwa a cikin shekara ta 2016.
Kayayyakin da ke da mafi girman matakan gurɓatawa sun haɗa da baƙin ƙarfe, mercury da nickel. A farkon watan Agusta na wannan shekarar, Firayim Ministan Rasha Dmitry Medvedev ya ba da umarnin aiwatar da shirin tsabtace kogin Volga cikin gaggawa. Bisa ga bayanin da Ma'aikatar Halitta ta Rasha ta bayar, aiwatar da shirin tsabtace kogin Volga zai kashe kimanin dala biliyan 34.400, ko kuma kusan dala biliyan 580.000.
Abubuwan ban sha'awa na kogin Volga
Waɗannan su ne wasu abubuwan ban sha'awa na kogin Volga:
- Bakinsa yana ƙasa da matakin teku, daidai da mita 28.
- Kogin Volga yana da magudanan ruwa sama da 200, galibi kogunan Kama, Oka, Vitluga da Sula.
- Kimanin rabin al'ummar Rasha suna zaune a kusa da kwarin Volga, kuma rabin mutanen kasar suna aikin noma a bakin kogin.
- Akwai da yawa Orthodox wuraren ibada da gidajen ibada a gefen kogin Volga.
- Wasu manyan tafkunan ruwa na duniya suna gefen kogin.
Ina fatan cewa tare da wannan bayanin za ku iya ƙarin koyo game da kogin Volga da halayensa.