A yau za mu yi magana ne game da babban kogin Afirka ta Yamma. Game da shi kogin niger. Tana da tsawon kilomita dubu 4.200 kuma itace ta uku mafi tsayi a nahiyar Afirka, bayan Kogin Nilu da Kogin Congo. Kalmar Nijar ana kiranta da Girkanci ne, ko don haka ana tunani, tunda a cikin tarihi an san wannan kogin da sunaye daban-daban.
A cikin wannan labarin zamu fada muku dukkan sirri, halaye, flora da fauna na Kogin Neja.
Yankin Neja
Wannan kogin yana cikin Guinea kuma yana kusa da tsaunukan Fouta Djallon. A lokacin farkon kilomita 160 na hanya yana da kwarara zuwa arewa. Bugu da ari, yana bin hanyar arewa maso yamma kuma bangare ne na hanyar inda mafi yawan raƙuman ruwa ke karɓa. Wadannan rafukai sune Mafou, da Niandan, da Milo da kuma kogunan Sankarani na dama da kuma Tinkisso a hagu, sannan ya shiga Mali.
Akwai wani kwari da aka kirkira ta hanyar tallafin tectonic wanda ya kasu kashi biyu cikin sauri wadanda ruwa ya mamaye su wadanda suke karkashin Dam din Markala kuma yana kusa da kilomita 240 sama da Sotuba Dam kusa da Sansanding. Duk cikin wannan shimfidar, Kogin Neja yana ɗaukar shugabanci mai gabas zuwa arewa maso gabas sosai. A wannan yankin, gadonta bashi da matsala saboda haka yana ba da izinin zama mafi kyau. Duk wannan sashin yana da tsawon kilomita 1600.
Babban fasali
A cikin dukkan kogunan Kogin Neja, mafi girma a hannun dama shine Mopti. Daga baya, wasu kananan tafkuna, rafuka da ruwa masu tsauri sun shiga yankin waxanda ake kira da 'delta delta' na Nijar. Waɗannan tabkuna suna cikin ɓangaren bankin hagu kuma suna haɗuwa da Kogin Neja ta wasu tashoshi waɗanda za su iya fuskantar wasu canje-canje a cikin hanyar kwarara gwargwadon lokacin da muke.
A cikin ɓangarorin kogin mafi girma tabkuna wasu sun zama ambaliyar gaba ɗaya. Kogi ne wanda gudummawar tattalin arzikin sa yake da mahimmanci. A gefen bakin da muka tattauna, akwai babban aikin kamun kifi a lokacin rani. Wannan yana nufin cewa kamun kifi dole ne ya daina kasancewa cikin ruwa mai zurfi da bakin ruwa tunda akwai ƙarancin ruwa.
Kamun kifi a cikin wannan kogin yana ɗayan manyan ayyuka a wasu garuruwa kamar da Bozo da Somono a yankin tafki, da Sorko a tsakiyar Nijar, da Kede da Kakanda tsakanin Jebba da Lokoja, da Wurbo da Jukun a cikin Benuwai. Daya daga cikin manyan matsalolin da tuni suka tarwatsa kamun kifi a kogin Neja shi ne gano albarkatun mai a yankin Delta. Duk abin da ya kasance amfani da albarkatun ƙasa, gami da burbushin halittu, yana haifar da tasiri iri-iri a kan fure, fauna da ƙasa na yankin kogin, baya ga lalacewar ingancin ruwan.
Flora da fauna na kogin Neja
Zamu iya samun yankuna daban-daban na ciyayi a Afirka ta Yamma. Akwai wani yanki da Nijar ta ɗan tashi kaɗan saboda ta ratsa tudun Fouta Djallon. Wannan yanki na plateau an rufe shi da wani irin ciyayi wanda yake da dunƙulen waya da yawa hade da saman dutsen. A wannan yankin ciyayi suna da yawa sosai.
Sauran kogin yana gudana ta cikin savanna da ke shuke-shuken da ke da gajere da ciyawa mara kyau. Wani lokaci zaka iya ganin wasu bishiyoyin ƙaya da itacen ƙirya. A kudancin Kogin Neja muna da yankin ciyawa da dogaye ciyawa wacce ke lulluɓe da ciyayi mai dausayi. An kafa wannan ne saboda gaskiyar cewa dukkan abubuwan gina jiki da take ɗauke da su zuwa ga kogin da kuma abin da take jigilar su a duk tsawon lokacinsu, sun isa yankin mafi kudu. Wannan sedimentation fi son ci gaban ciyayi banda rafin shiga cikin dajin dazuzzuka inda akwai mafi yawan hazo.
Ana iya samun nau'ikan kifayen da yawa a cikin Kogin Neja da kuma duk rafin da yake. Babban jinsin da ke zama abinci ga yawan mutane shine irin kifi, kifin rawa da kuma kogin Nilu .. Hakanan zamu iya samun wasu nau'ikan dabbobi da ke kusa da kogin, daga ciki muke dasu Hippos, dole ne ku sami nau'ikan kada da nau'ikan kadangaru.
Dangane da rayuwar tsuntsaye kuma muna da dumbin arziki wanda dabbobin dawa ke ficewa a yankunan tafki da marassa kyau da duwalai a bakin kogi da kewayen tabkuna. Yana da kyau a bayyana kambi mai ban sha'awa wanda yawanci ana ganin sa inda akwai ƙarin buɗewar ƙasa a cikin yankuna masu ciyayi. Game da pelicic da flamingos, ana iya ganin su hade da yankin na Benuwai. Akwai wasu nau'in tsuntsayen da ke da alaƙa da yankunan bakin kogi, gami da farar fata masu kawunan kai, gabar teku, tsuntsayen kada, jan-koren dawakai da masu lankwasawa.
Formation da kuma barazanar
Yankin Kogin Neja ya samo asali ne daga hadaddiyar kungiyar kwatankwacin sau uku na faranti. Wato, bayan farantin tectonic sun yi ƙoƙari su shiga amma ba su iya ba saboda rarrabuwar tsakanin keɓaɓɓun farantin Amurka da Afirka. Hakan ya faru ne a ƙarshen Jurassic da tsakiyar Cretaceous. Daga nan ne lokacin da karaya daban-daban ta faru a cikin kasa kuma aka ajiye sassan laka domin samar da kogin Neja.
Daga cikin barazanar da muke da ita ga fure da fauna da yanayin halittar wannan kogin muna da karuwar yawan mutane da kuma rashin wadataccen amfani da albarkatun kasa. Wannan yana haifar da gurɓataccen ruwa da rage nau'ikan dabbobi da tsirrai. Idan kuma muka kirga yawan sare dazuzzuka a cikin ƙasa mai ƙarancin talauci, ana haɓaka hamada, hakan yana ƙara rage ingancin waɗannan halittu.
Ina fata da wannan bayanin zaku iya samun karin bayani game da Kogin Neja.