Daga cikin manya-manyan masana kimiyyar da suka inganta tarihin ilimin kimiya akwai wani daga cikinsu wanda yake da dukkan daraja tunda yana ɗaya daga cikin fitattu a kowane lokaci. Muna magana ne Georges kayan abinci. Shi masanin kimiyya ne wanda ya ba da sunansa ga burbushin halittu da kuma gwadawar jituwa. Abubuwan da ya yi amfani da su suna daɗaɗawa a duniyar kimiyya kuma sun ci gaba a fannoni da yawa tun daga lokacin kirkirarta zuwa yanzu.
A cikin wannan labarin za mu gaya muku duk abubuwan da suka dace da tarihin Georges Cuvier
Georges Cuvier Farkonsa
Kamar sauran masana kimiyya, wannan mutumin yana da farkon sa. Cikakken sunansa shine Georges Leopold Chrétien Frederic Dagobert, Baron de Cuvier, kuma an haife shi a garin Montbéliard, a Faransa, a ranar 23 ga watan Agusta, 1769. Tun yana ƙarami ya nuna babbar sha'awa ga duniyar yanayi da tunani mai gata. Mun riga mun san cewa lokacin da muka sadaukar da kanmu ga wani abin da muke matukar so da so, za mu iya samun mafi yawan sakamako da abubuwan binciken da kanmu da taimakon wasu.
Wannan mutumin yana da sha'awar yanayi kuma ya ƙara wa kansa dama. A saboda wannan dalili, a cikin shekarun da juyin juya halin Faransa ya dawwama, Georges Cuvier ya dukufa ga nazarin dukkan sassan jikin mollusks domin zurfafa ilimin da yake so game da tarihin halitta da kuma kamantawar jikin. Bai tsaya har yanzu ba kafin ka'idar da yawa amma yana son aiwatar da aikin da wuri-wuri. Ta wannan hanyar, kuma tare da tsananin sha'awar abin da ya yi, a 1795 ya sami damar samun aiki a Gidan Tarihin Tarihi na Tarihi a Faris.
Wannan yana nufin babban mataki ga wannan mutumin tun bayan fitowar sa ya sanya shi daga baya a matsayin Babban Sakatare na Kimiyyar Jiki da Halittar Kwalejin ta Kasa. A cikin wannan gidan kayan tarihin ya sami damar yin nazarin zurfin yanayin halittar halittu daban-daban. Don yin wannan, dole ne ya raba dubban dabbobi da dubunnan yayin nazarin dukkan kwarangwal domin samun amsoshi game da juyin halitta da kuma alakar dake tsakanin jinsunan da ilimin kimiyya bai san su ba har yanzu.
Dole ne mu tuna cewa hanyar kimiyya a waɗannan lokutan ya bambanta da na yau. A yau muna da manyan rumbunan adana bayanai masu mahimmanci da cikakkun bayanai kan daruruwan da dubban daruruwan dabbobi da tsirrai. Idan ya zo ga yin karatu game da wani abu, muna da kayan aikin da tuni mun gina harsashin ginin. Shahararren Georges Cuvier ya kasance mafi ƙima kamar yadda ya kamata daya bayan daya ya zama yana rarraba wadannan dabbobin domin nazarin yanayin jikinsu tun daga farko.
Rarraba masarautar dabbobi bisa ga Georges Cuvier
Duk karatun da Georges Cuvier ya yi a duk lokacin juyin juya halin Faransa ya ba shi damar iya rarrabe mulkin dabbobi ta hanyar faɗaɗa da kuma kammala tsarin Linnaean. Ilimin da ya samu kuma ya nuna a cikin karatunsa zai iya yankewa tare da ra'ayin da aka gabatar a baya cewa dabbobi wani bangare ne na ci gaba. Wannan layin ya ci gaba daga dabba mafi sauki zuwa mutane, na biyun shine mafi rikitarwa.
Wannan masanin kimiyyar ya hada kan dabbobin ne bisa ga abin da ya gani a kwatancensa na tsarin tsari da siffa. Ta wannan hanyar, ya raba mulkin dabbobi zuwa nau'uka daban-daban 4: masu haske, masu bayyanawa, da zuriya da kuma kashin baya. Waɗannan hanyoyin na yau da kullun sune suka haifar da bambanci ga cigaban kimiyya. Sanarwar ce cewa sassan jikin wata dabba suna da alaƙa da juna suna mai haɗawa gaba ɗaya.
Kodayake wannan yana da ma'ana a yau, Georges Cuvier shine farkon wanda ya iya ɗagowa da bayyana shi a kimiyyance. Wannan tunanin ne ko kuma wanda yake taimakawa wajen samar da ginshikin binciken Darwin da zai biyo baya don kyautata tunanin cigaban halittu masu rai.
Wanda ya kafa burbushin halittu
Kamar yadda muka ambata a baya, Georges Cuvier shi ne mahaifin asalin kimiyyar burbushin halittu. Kuma shine ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen haɓaka wannan kimiyyar albarkacin ƙa'idodinta game da alaƙar da ke tsakanin tsari da aiki a jikin dabbobi. Ya iya sake gina cikakken kwarangwal na dabbobin burbushin fata yana fatan bashi da dukkan sassan sa. Wannan yana da matukar cancanta a lokacin da aka samo shi tunda, kamar yadda muka ambata a baya, a wannan lokacin babu wani rumbun adana bayanan halittu masu rai.
Ya kasance mai kula da nazarin burbushin halittu da yawa kuma sun yi aiki don nuna wa sauran duniya cewa duniyar tamu ta kasance mai yawan dabbobi daban-daban a cikin ƙarnuka da yawa. Wannan ya nuna muhimmin tarihi a rayuwarsa kuma ya faru a 1812. A cikin wannan shekarar ya gabatarwa da masana kimiyya burbushin halittar dabbobi masu rarrafe, abin da ba za a taba ganin kamalarsa ba. Dabba mai rarrafe ita ce Ina kiran shi Pterodactylus kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin sanannun dabbobi masu rarrafe a duniya. Ara wa wannan fasalin shine gabatarwar da ta gabata game da kwarangwal ɗin giwa, wanda ya riga ya mutu, wanda ya yi aiki don haka a yau ana ɗaukar Georges Cuvier a matsayin mahaifin tarihin burbushin halittu.
Duk da binciken da yayi da kuma amfani da shi, bai kasance mai ra'ayin juyin halitta ba. Daga cikin ra'ayoyinsa ya raba na masifa. Wannan ka'idar tana ba da shawarar cewa duk wata bacewa da ta faru sanadiyyar wani bala'i na duniya wanda ya biyo bayan tsarin kirkirar sabuwar fauna a doron kasa.
Duk gudummawar da wannan masanin ya bayar sun sanya shi a matsayin daya daga cikin fitattun masanan zamaninsa. Ya karɓi kayan ado da yawa daga bayanan masana kimiyya da siyasa na lokacinsa. Ya mutu ranar 13 ga Mayu, 1832 a birnin Paris daga cutar kwalara. An rubuta sunansa tare da sauran manyan masana kimiyya na wannan lokacin akan Hasumiyar Eiffel.
Ina fatan cewa tare da wannan bayanin zaku iya koyo game da masanin kimiyya Georges Cuvier.